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Sao Tome and Principe
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Background :
Discovered and claimed by Portugal in the late 15th century, the islands' sugar-based economy gave way to coffee and cocoa in the 19th century - all grown with plantation slave labor, a form of which lingered into the 20th century. While independence was achieved in 1975, democratic reforms were not instituted until the late 1980s. The country held its first free elections in 1991, but frequent internal wrangling between the various political party's precipitated repeated changes in leadership and two failed coup attempts in 1995 and 2003. The recent discovery of oil in the Gulf of Guinea promises to attract increased attention to the small island nation.
Location :
Western Africa, islands in the Gulf of Guinea, straddling the Equator, west of Gabon
Geographic Coordinates Center :
1 00 N, 7 00 E (Latitude, Longtitude)
Geographic Coordinates Rectangle :
| West | 6.47 |
| North | 1.70 |
| East | 7.47 |
| South | 0.02 |
Map references :
Africa
Area :
| total | 964 | square km |
| land | 964 | square km |
| water | 0 | square km |
Coastline :
209.00 km
Climate :
tropical; hot, humid; one rainy season (October to May)
Terrain :
volcanic, mountainous
Elevation extremes :
| lowest point | 0 | metres |
| highest point | 2 024 | metres |
Natural resources :
| fish | hydropower |
Land use :
| arable land | 8.33 | % |
| permanent crops | 48.96 | % |
| other | 42.71 | % |
Irrigated land :
100 square km
current issues :
deforestation; soil erosion and exhaustion
international agreements :
| Biodiversity | Climate Change |
| Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol | Desertification |
| Endangered Species | Environmental Modification |
| Law of the Sea | Ozone Layer Protection |
| Ship Pollution | Wetlands |
Population :
212 679
Indicators :
| Growth rate | 3.09 | % |
| Birth rate | 38.54 | births/1,000 population |
| Total fertility rate | 5.33 | children born/woman |
| Death rate | 5.80 | deaths/1,000 population |
| Net migration rate | -1.81 | migrant(s)/1,000 population |
Age structure :
| 0-14 years | 46.90 | % |
| 15-64 years | 49.70 | % |
| 65 years and over | 3.50 | % |
Median age :
| total | 16.40 | years |
| male | 15.90 | years |
| female | 17.00 | years |
Sex ratio :
| at birth | 1.03 | male(s)/female |
| under 15 years | 1.03 | male(s)/female |
| 15-64 years | 0.94 | male(s)/female |
| 65 years and over | 0.82 | male(s)/female |
| total population | 0.98 | male(s)/female |
Health :
| Infant mortality rate | 37.12 | deaths/1,000 live births |
| Life expectancy at birth - total population | 68.32 | years |
| Life expectancy at birth - male | 66.65 | years |
| Life expectancy at birth - female | 70.04 | years |
Religions :
| Catholic | 70.30 | % |
| Evangelical | 3.40 | % |
| New Apostolic | 2.00 | % |
| Seventh-Day Adventist | 1.80 | % |
| other | 3.10 | % |
| none | 19.40 | % |
Languages :
| Portuguese |
Literacy :
| total population | 84.90 | % |
| male | 92.20 | % |
| female | 77.90 | % |
Country name :
| conventional long form | Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe |
| conventional short form | Sao Tome and Principe |
| local long form | Republica Democratica de Sao Tome e Principe |
| local short form | Sao Tome e Principe |
Country Codes :
| ISO 3166 | ST |
| ISO Numeric | 678 |
| ISO3 | STP |
| FIPS | TP |
| ccTLD | st |
| English | Sao Tome and Principe |
Administrative divisions :
2 provinces; Principe, Sao Tome|
Capital :
| name | Sao Tome |
| geographic coordinates | 0 12 N, 6 39 E |
| time difference | 0.00 |
International organization participation :
| ACP | AOSIS |
| AU | AfDB |
| CPLP | FAO |
| G-77 | IBRD |
| ICAO | ICCt (signatory) |
| ICRM | IDA |
| IFAD | IFC |
| IFRCS | ILO |
| IMF | IMO |
| IOC | IOM (observer) |
| IPU | ITU |
| ITUC | Interpol |
| NAM | OIF |
| OPCW | UN |
| UNCTAD | UNESCO |
| UNIDO | UNWTO |
| UPU | Union Latina |
| WFTU | WHO |
| WIPO | WMO |
| WTO (observer) |
Independence :
1975-07-12
National holiday :
Independence Day
1975-07-12
Executive branch :
| President Fradique Bandiera Melo DE MENEZES | Prime Minister Joachim Rafael BRANCO |
Legislative branch :
| MDFM-PCD | 37.20 | % |
| MLSTP | 28.90 | % |
| ADI | 20.00 | % |
| NR | 4.70 | % |
| others | 9.20 | % |
GDP - Gross Domestic product :
| PPP - Purchasing Power Parity | 292 500 000 | $ |
| Official Exchange Rate | 189 000 000 | |
| RGR - Real Growth rate | 4.30 | % |
| PPP - per capita | 1 400 | $ |
GDP Composition by sector :
| agriculture | 14.30 | % |
| industry | 15.10 | % |
| services | 70.70 | % |
Other Indicators :
| Population below poverty line | 54.00 | % |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | 19.00 | % |
| Investment (gross fixed) | 34.20 | % of GDP |
| Current account balance | - 64 000 000 | $ |
| Reserves of foreign exchange and gold | 42 000 000 | $ |
| Debt external | 318 000 000 | $ |
| Military expenditures | 0.80 | % of GDP |
Budget :
| revenues | 42 500 000 | $ |
| expenditures | 50 000 000 | $ |
Agriculture - products :
| bananas | beans |
| cinnamon | cocoa |
| coconuts | coffee |
| copra | fish |
| palm kernels | papayas |
| pepper | poultry |
Industries :
| beer | fish processing |
| light construction | soap |
| textiles | timber |
Energy :
| Electricity Production | 19 000 000 | kWh |
| Electricity Consumption | 17 670 000 | kWh |
| Oil Consumption | 1 000 | bbl/day |
| Oil Imports | 725 | bbl/day |
Value :
8 000 000 $
Partners :
| Japan (jp) | 77.20 | % |
| Belgium (be) | 7.70 | % |
| Netherlands (nl) | 6.40 | % |
Commodities :
| cocoa | coffee |
| copra | palm oil |
Value :
91 000 000 $
Partners :
| Portugal (pt) | 55.50 | % |
| Belgium (be) | 9.60 | % |
| Japan (jp) | 9.20 | % |
Commodities :
| food products | machinery and electrical equipment |
| petroleum products |
Currency-code :
STD
Currency-name :
dobra
Communications :
| Telephons Main lines in use | 7 700 | |
| Telephons Mobile, Cellular | 49 000 | |
| FM Radio broadcast stations | 5 | |
| Television broadcast stations | 2 | |
| Internet Country code (ccTLD) | st | |
| Internet Hosts | 1 345 | |
| Internet Users | 24 800 |
Transportation :
| Airports with paved runways | 2 | |
| Roadways - total | 320 | km |
| Roadways - paved | 218 | km |
| Roadways - unpaved | 102 | km |
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