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Netherlands
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Background :
The Dutch United Provinces declared their independence from Spain in 1579; during the 17th century, they became a leading seafaring and commercial power, with settlements and colonies around the world. After a 20-year French occupation, a Kingdom of the Netherlands was formed in 1815. In 1830 Belgium seceded and formed a separate kingdom. The Netherlands remained neutral in World War I, but suffered invasion and occupation by Germany in World War II. A modern, industrialized nation, the Netherlands is also a large exporter of agricultural products. The country was a founding member of NATO and the EEC (now the EU), and participated in the introduction of the euro in 1999.
Location :
Western Europe, bordering the North Sea, between Belgium and Germany
Geographic Coordinates Center :
52 30 N, 5 45 E (Latitude, Longtitude)
Geographic Coordinates Rectangle :
| West | 3.36 |
| North | 53.51 |
| East | 7.23 |
| South | 50.75 |
Map references :
Europe
Area :
| total | 41 543 | square km |
| land | 33 893 | square km |
| water | 7 650 | square km |
Land boundaries :
| total | 1 027 | km |
| Belgium (be) | 450 | km |
| Germany (de) | 577 | km |
Coastline :
451.00 km
Climate :
temperate; marine; cool summers and mild winters
Terrain :
mostly coastal lowland and reclaimed land (polders); some hills in southeast
Elevation extremes :
| lowest point | 7 | metres |
| highest point | 322 | metres |
Natural resources :
| arable land | gravel |
| limestone | natural gas |
| peat | petroleum |
| salt | sand |
Land use :
| arable land | 21.96 | % |
| permanent crops | 0.77 | % |
| other | 77.27 | % |
Irrigated land :
5 650 square km
Total renewable water resources :
89 cubic km
Natural hazards :
| flooding |
current issues :
water pollution in the form of heavy metals, organic compounds, and nutrients such as nitrates and phosphates; air pollution from vehicles and refining activities; acid rain
international agreements :
| Air Pollution | Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides |
| Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants | Air Pollution-Sulfur 85 |
| Air Pollution-Sulfur 94 | Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds |
| Antarctic Treaty | Antarctic-Environmental Protocol |
| Antarctic-Marine Living Resources | Biodiversity |
| Climate Change | Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol |
| Desertification | Endangered Species |
| Environmental Modification | Hazardous Wastes |
| Kyoto Protocol | Law of the Sea |
| Marine Dumping | Marine Life Conservation |
| Ozone Layer Protection | Ship Pollution |
| Tropical Timber 83 | Tropical Timber 94 |
| Wetlands | Whaling |
Population :
16 715 999
Indicators :
| Growth rate | 0.41 | % |
| Birth rate | 10.40 | births/1,000 population |
| Total fertility rate | 1.66 | children born/woman |
| Death rate | 8.74 | deaths/1,000 population |
| Net migration rate | 2.46 | migrant(s)/1,000 population |
Age structure :
| 0-14 years | 17.40 | % |
| 15-64 years | 67.70 | % |
| 65 years and over | 14.90 | % |
Median age :
| total | 40.40 | years |
| male | 39.60 | years |
| female | 41.20 | years |
Sex ratio :
| at birth | 1.05 | male(s)/female |
| under 15 years | 1.05 | male(s)/female |
| 15-64 years | 1.02 | male(s)/female |
| 65 years and over | 0.76 | male(s)/female |
| total population | 0.98 | male(s)/female |
Health :
| Infant mortality rate | 4.73 | deaths/1,000 live births |
| Life expectancy at birth - total population | 79.40 | years |
| Life expectancy at birth - male | 76.80 | years |
| Life expectancy at birth - female | 82.14 | years |
| HIV-AIDS adult prevalence rate | 0.20 | % |
| HIV-AIDS people living with HIV-AIDS | 18 000 | |
| HIV-AIDS deaths | 200 |
Religions :
| Roman Catholic | 30.00 | % |
| Dutch Reformed | 11.00 | % |
| Calvinist | 6.00 | % |
| other Protestant | 3.00 | % |
| Muslim | 5.80 | % |
| other | 2.20 | % |
| none | 42.00 | % |
Languages :
| Dutch | |
| Frisian |
Literacy :
| total population | 99.00 | % |
| male | 99.00 | % |
| female | 99.00 | % |
Country name :
| conventional long form | Kingdom of the Netherlands |
| conventional short form | Netherlands |
| local long form | Koninkrijk der Nederlanden |
| local short form | Nederland |
Country Codes :
| ISO 3166 | NL |
| ISO Numeric | 528 |
| ISO3 | NLD |
| FIPS | NL |
| ccTLD | nl |
| English | Netherlands |
Administrative divisions :
12 provinces (provincies, singular - provincie); Drenthe, Flevoland, Fryslan (Friesland), Gelderland, Groningen, Limburg, Noord-Brabant (North Brabant), Noord-Holland (North Holland), Overijssel, Utrecht, Zeeland (Zealand), Zuid-Holland (South Holland)
Capital :
| name | Amsterdam |
| geographic coordinates | 52 23 N, 4 54 E |
| time difference | 1.00 |
| daylight saving time | 1 |
International organization participation :
| ADB (nonregional member) | AfDB (nonregional member) |
| Arctic Council (observer) | Australia Group |
| BIS | Benelux |
| CBSS (observer) | CE |
| CERN | EAPC |
| EBRD | EIB |
| EMU | ESA |
| EU | FAO |
| FATF | G-10 |
| IADB | IAEA |
| IBRD | ICAO |
| ICC | ICCt |
| ICRM | IDA |
| IEA | IFAD |
| IFC | IFRCS |
| IHO | ILO |
| IMF | IMO |
| IMSO | IOC |
| IOM | IPU |
| ISO | ITSO |
| ITU | ITUC |
| Interpol | MIGA |
| NATO | NEA |
| NSG | OAS (observer) |
| OECD | OPCW |
| OSCE | PCA |
| Paris Club | SECI (observer) |
| Schengen Convention | UN |
| UNAMID | UNCTAD |
| UNESCO | UNHCR |
| UNIDO | UNMIS |
| UNRWA | UNTSO |
| UNWTO | UPU |
| WCO | WEU |
| WFTU | WHO |
| WIPO | WMO |
| WTO | ZC |
Independence :
1579-01-23
National holiday :
Queens Day
1909-04-30
Executive branch :
| Prime Minister Jan Peter BALKENENDE | Queen BEATRIX |
Legislative branch :
| CDA | 26.50 | % |
| PvdA | 21.20 | % |
| Socialist Party | 16.60 | % |
| VVD | 14.60 | % |
| Party for Freedom | 5.90 | % |
| Green Party | 4.60 | % |
| Christian Union | 4.00 | % |
| other | 6.60 | % |
GDP - Gross Domestic product :
| PPP - Purchasing Power Parity | 652 300 000 000 | $ |
| Official Exchange Rate | 789 700 000 000 | |
| RGR - Real Growth rate | -4.30 | % |
| PPP - per capita | 39 000 | $ |
GDP Composition by sector :
| agriculture | 1.90 | % |
| industry | 24.40 | % |
| services | 73.70 | % |
Labor force - by occupation :
| agriculture | 2.00 | % |
| industry | 18.00 | % |
| services | 80.00 | % |
Other Indicators :
| Labor force | 8 330 000 | people |
| Unemployment rate | 5.00 | % |
| Population below poverty line | 10.50 | % |
| Distribution of family income - Gini index | 30.90 | |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | 1.20 | % |
| Investment (gross fixed) | 19.40 | % of GDP |
| Current account balance | 33 720 000 000 | $ |
| Reserves of foreign exchange and gold | 30 700 000 000 | $ |
| Debt external | 3 733 000 000 000 | $ |
| Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad | 866 100 000 000 | $ |
| Stock of direct foreign investment - at home | 661 000 000 000 | $ |
| Market value of publicly traded shares | 456 200 000 000 | $ |
| Military expenditures | 1.60 | % of GDP |
| Public debt | 62.20 | % of GDP |
Household income or consumption by percentage share :
| lowest 10% | 2.50 | % |
| highest 10% | 22.90 | % |
Budget :
| revenues | 335 400 000 000 | $ |
| expenditures | 372 500 000 000 | $ |
Agriculture - products :
| fruits | grain |
| livestock | potatoes |
| sugar beets | vegetables |
Industries :
| agricultural products | chemicals |
| construction | electrical machinery and equipment |
| fishing | metal and engineering products |
| microelectronics | petroleum |
Energy :
| Electricity Production | 108 200 000 000 | kWh |
| Electricity Consumption | 124 100 000 000 | kWh |
| Electricity Exports | 10 560 000 000 | kWh |
| Electricity Imports | 15 450 000 000 | kWh |
| Oil Production | 72 090 | bbl/day |
| Oil Consumption | 962 900 | bbl/day |
| Oil Exports | 1 647 000 | bbl/day |
| Oil Imports | 2 678 000 | bbl/day |
| Oil Proved reserves | 100 000 000 | bbl |
| Natural gas Production | 84 690 000 000 | cubic metres |
| Natural gas Consumption | 48 340 000 000 | cubic metres |
| Natural gas Exports | 61 720 000 000 | cubic metres |
| Natural gas Imports | 25 340 000 000 | cubic metres |
| Electricity Exports | 1 346 000 000 000 | cubic metres |
Value :
397 600 000 000 $
Partners :
| Germany (de) | 25.40 | % |
| Belgium (be) | 13.70 | % |
| France (fr) | 8.90 | % |
| United Kingdom (gb) | 8.80 | % |
| Italy (it) | 5.20 | % |
Commodities :
| chemicals | foodstuffs |
| fuels | machinery and equipment |
Value :
358 900 000 000 $
Partners :
| Germany (de) | 16.60 | % |
| China (cn) | 10.10 | % |
| Belgium (be) | 8.70 | % |
| United States (us) | 7.50 | % |
| United Kingdom (gb) | 5.80 | % |
| Russia (ru) | 5.40 | % |
| France (fr) | 4.40 | % |
Commodities :
| chemicals | clothing |
| foodstuffs | fuels |
| machinery and transportation equipment |
Currency-code :
EUR
Currency-name :
euro
Communications :
| Telephons Main lines in use | 7 324 000 | |
| Telephons Mobile, Cellular | 19 927 000 | |
| FM Radio broadcast stations | 567 | |
| Television broadcast stations | 342 | |
| Internet Country code (ccTLD) | nl | |
| Internet Hosts | 12 388 000 | |
| Internet Users | 14 273 000 |
Transportation :
| Airports with paved runways | 20 | |
| Heliports | 1 | |
| Pipelines - gas | 3 816 | km |
| Pipelines - oil | 365 | km |
| Pipelines - refined products | 716 | km |
| Roadways - total | 136 827 | km |
| Roadways - expressways | 2 582 | km |
| Railways | 2 896 | km |
| Waterways | 6 215 | km |
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