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Moldova
Background :
Part of Romania during the interwar period, Moldova was incorporated into the Soviet Union at the close of World War II. Although the country has been independent from the USSR since 1991, Russian forces have remained on Moldovan territory east of the Dniester River supporting the Slavic majority population, mostly Ukrainians and Russians, who have proclaimed a "Transnistria" republic. One of the poorest nations in Europe, Moldova became the first former Soviet state to elect a Communist, Vladimir VORONIN, as its president in 2001. VORONIN served as Moldova's president until he resigned in September 2009, following the opposition's gain of a narrow majority in July parliamentary elections and the Communist Party's (PCRM) subsequent inability to attract the three-fifths of parliamentary votes required to elect a president. Moldova's four opposition parties formed a new coalition, the Alliance for European Integration (AEI), which will act as Moldova's governing coalition until new parliamentary elections can be held, possibly in summer 2010. Moldova experienced significant political uncertainty in 2009, holding two general elections (in April and July) and four presidential ballots in parliament, all of which failed to secure a president.
Location :
Eastern Europe, northeast of Romania
Geographic Coordinates Center :
47 00 N, 29 00 E (Latitude, Longtitude)
Geographic Coordinates Rectangle :
| West | 26.62 |
| North | 48.49 |
| East | 30.14 |
| South | 45.47 |
Map references :
Europe
Area :
| total | 33 851 | square km |
| land | 32 891 | square km |
| water | 960 | square km |
Land boundaries :
| total | 1 390 | km |
| Romania (ro) | 450 | km |
| Ukraine (ua) | 940 | km |
Coastline :
0.00 km
Climate :
moderate winters, warm summers
Terrain :
rolling steppe, gradual slope south to Black Sea
Elevation extremes :
| lowest point | 2 | metres |
| highest point | 430 | metres |
Natural resources :
| arable land | gypsum |
| lignite | limestone |
| phosphorites |
Land use :
| arable land | 54.52 | % |
| permanent crops | 8.81 | % |
| other | 36.67 | % |
Irrigated land :
3 000 square km
Total renewable water resources :
11 cubic km
Natural hazards :
| lides |
current issues :
heavy use of agricultural chemicals, including banned pesticides such as DDT, has contaminated soil and groundwater; extensive soil erosion from poor farming methods
international agreements :
| Air Pollution | Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants |
| Biodiversity | Climate Change |
| Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol | Desertification |
| Endangered Species | Hazardous Wastes |
| Ozone Layer Protection | Ship Pollution |
| Wetlands |
Population :
4 320 748
Indicators :
| Growth rate | -0.08 | % |
| Birth rate | 11.12 | births/1,000 population |
| Total fertility rate | 1.27 | children born/woman |
| Death rate | 10.78 | deaths/1,000 population |
| Net migration rate | -1.13 | migrant(s)/1,000 population |
Age structure :
| 0-14 years | 15.90 | % |
| 15-64 years | 73.30 | % |
| 65 years and over | 10.80 | % |
Median age :
| total | 34.60 | years |
| male | 32.70 | years |
| female | 36.70 | years |
Sex ratio :
| at birth | 1.06 | male(s)/female |
| under 15 years | 1.06 | male(s)/female |
| 15-64 years | 0.94 | male(s)/female |
| 65 years and over | 0.58 | male(s)/female |
| total population | 0.91 | male(s)/female |
Health :
| Infant mortality rate | 13.13 | deaths/1,000 live births |
| Life expectancy at birth - total population | 70.80 | years |
| Life expectancy at birth - male | 67.10 | years |
| Life expectancy at birth - female | 74.71 | years |
| HIV-AIDS adult prevalence rate | 0.40 | % |
| HIV-AIDS people living with HIV-AIDS | 8 900 | |
| HIV-AIDS deaths | 100 |
Religions :
| Eastern Orthodox | 98.00 | % |
| Jewish | 1.50 | % |
| Baptist and other | 0.50 | % |
Languages :
| Moldovan | |
| Russian | |
| Gagauz |
Literacy :
| total population | 99.10 | % |
| male | 99.70 | % |
| female | 98.60 | % |
Country name :
| conventional long form | Republic of Moldova |
| conventional short form | Moldova |
| local long form | Republica Moldova |
| local short form | Moldova |
| former | Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic, Moldovan Soviet Socialist Republic |
Country Codes :
| ISO 3166 | MD |
| ISO Numeric | 498 |
| ISO3 | MDA |
| FIPS | MD |
| ccTLD | md |
| English | Moldova |
Administrative divisions :
32 raions (raioane, singular - raion), 3 municipalities (municipii, singular - municipiu), 1 autonomous territorial unit (unitatea teritoriala autonoma), and 1 territorial unit (unitatea teritoriala)||raions:|Anenii Noi, Basarabeasca, Briceni, Cahul, Cantemir, Calarasi, Causeni, Cimislia, Criuleni, Donduseni, Drochia, Dubasari, Edinet, Falesti, Floresti, Glodeni, Hincesti, Ialoveni, Leova, Nisporeni, Ocnita, Orhei, Rezina, Riscani, Singerei, Soldanesti, Soroca, Stefan-Voda, Straseni, Taraclia, Telenesti, Ungheni||municipalities:|Balti, Bender, Chisinau||autonomous territorial unit:|Gagauzia||territorial unit:|Stinga Nistrului (Transnistria)
Capital :
| name | Chisinau |
| geographic coordinates | 47 00 N, 28 51 E |
| time difference | 2.00 |
| daylight saving time | 1 |
International organization participation :
| BSEC | CE |
| CEI | CIS |
| EAEC (observer) | EAPC |
| EBRD | FAO |
| GCTU | GUAM |
| IAEA | IBRD |
| ICAO | ICCt (signatory) |
| IDA | IFAD |
| IFC | IFRCS |
| ILO | IMF |
| IMO | IOC |
| IOM | IPU |
| ISO (correspondent) | ITU |
| Interpol | MIGA |
| OIF | OPCW |
| OSCE | PFP |
| SECI | UN |
| UNCTAD | UNESCO |
| UNHCR | UNIDO |
| UNMIL | UNMIS |
| UNOCI | UNWTO |
| UPU | Union Latina |
| WCO | WFTU |
| WHO | WIPO |
| WMO | WTO |
Independence :
1991-08-27
National holiday :
Independence Day
1991-08-27
Legislative branch :
| PCRM | 44.70 | % |
| PLDM | 16.60 | % |
| PL | 14.70 | % |
| PD | 12.50 | % |
| AMN | 7.40 | % |
GDP - Gross Domestic product :
| PPP - Purchasing Power Parity | 10 210 000 000 | $ |
| Official Exchange Rate | 5 328 000 000 | |
| RGR - Real Growth rate | -6.60 | % |
| PPP - per capita | 2 400 | $ |
GDP Composition by sector :
| agriculture | 21.80 | % |
| industry | 17.60 | % |
| services | 60.60 | % |
Labor force - by occupation :
| agriculture | 40.60 | % |
| industry | 16.00 | % |
| services | 43.30 | % |
Other Indicators :
| Labor force | 1 336 000 | people |
| Unemployment rate | 2.60 | % |
| Population below poverty line | 29.50 | % |
| Distribution of family income - Gini index | 33.20 | |
| Investment (gross fixed) | 24.50 | % of GDP |
| Current account balance | - 611 000 000 | $ |
| Reserves of foreign exchange and gold | 1 200 000 000 | $ |
| Debt external | 3 970 000 000 | $ |
| Stock of direct foreign investment - at home | 1 813 000 000 | $ |
| Market value of publicly traded shares | 573 900 000 | $ |
| Military expenditures | 0.40 | % of GDP |
| Public debt | 31.30 | % of GDP |
Household income or consumption by percentage share :
| lowest 10% | 3.00 | % |
| highest 10% | 28.20 | % |
Budget :
| revenues | 1 751 000 000 | $ |
| expenditures | 2 112 000 000 | $ |
Agriculture - products :
| beef | fruits |
| grain | milk |
| sugar beets | sunflower seed |
| tobacco | vegetables |
| wine |
Industries :
| agricultural machinery | food processing |
| foundry equipment | freezers |
| hosiery | refrigerators |
| shoes | sugar |
| textiles | vegetable oil |
| washing machines |
Industrial production growth rate :
-20.00 %
Energy :
| Electricity Production | 3 617 000 000 | kWh |
| Electricity Consumption | 4 370 000 000 | kWh |
| Electricity Exports | 240 000 000 | kWh |
| Electricity Imports | 2 931 000 000 | kWh |
| Oil Consumption | 17 000 | bbl/day |
| Oil Exports | 36 | bbl/day |
| Oil Imports | 14 230 | bbl/day |
| Natural gas Production | 50 000 000 | cubic metres |
| Natural gas Consumption | 2 520 000 000 | cubic metres |
| Natural gas Imports | 2 520 000 000 | cubic metres |
Value :
1 240 000 000 $
Partners :
| Morocco (ma) | 48.10 | % |
| Russia (ru) | 14.80 | % |
| Romania (ro) | 8.10 | % |
| Italy (it) | 5.00 | % |
Commodities :
| foodstuffs | machinery |
| textiles |
Value :
3 140 000 000 $
Partners :
| Ukraine (ua) | 20.20 | % |
| Russia (ru) | 19.70 | % |
| Romania (ro) | 14.30 | % |
| Germany (de) | 7.90 | % |
| Italy (it) | 5.00 | % |
| Belarus (by) | 4.20 | % |
Commodities :
| chemicals | machinery and equipment |
| mineral products and fuel | textiles |
Currency-code :
MDL
Currency-name :
Moldovan leu
Communications :
| Telephons Main lines in use | 1 115 000 | |
| Telephons Mobile, Cellular | 2 423 000 | |
| FM Radio broadcast stations | 29 | |
| Television broadcast stations | 40 | |
| Internet Country code (ccTLD) | md | |
| Internet Hosts | 367 150 | |
| Internet Users | 850 000 |
Transportation :
| Airports with paved runways | 5 | |
| Pipelines - gas | 1 906 | km |
| Roadways - total | 12 666 | km |
| Roadways - paved | 12 117 | km |
| Roadways - unpaved | 549 | km |
| Railways | 1 138 | km |
| Waterways | 424 | km |
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