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Madagascar
Background :
Formerly an independent kingdom, Madagascar became a French colony in 1896 but regained independence in 1960. During 1992-93, free presidential and National Assembly elections were held ending 17 years of single-party rule. In 1997, in the second presidential race, Didier RATSIRAKA, the leader during the 1970s and 1980s, was returned to the presidency. The 2001 presidential election was contested between the followers of Didier RATSIRAKA and Marc RAVALOMANANA, nearly causing secession of half of the country. In April 2002, the High Constitutional Court announced RAVALOMANANA the winner. RAVALOMANANA achieved a second term following a landslide victory in the generally free and fair presidential elections of 2006. In early 2009, protests due to increasing restrictions on opposition press and activities resulted in RAVALOMANANA stepping down and the presidency was conferred to the mayor of Antananarivo, Andry RAJOELINA. Following negotiations in July and August of 2009, a power-sharing agreement with a 15-month transitional period was established, but has not yet been implemented.
Location :
Southern Africa, island in the Indian Ocean, east of Mozambique
Geographic Coordinates Center :
20 00 S, 47 00 E (Latitude, Longtitude)
Geographic Coordinates Rectangle :
| West | 43.22 |
| North | -11.95 |
| East | 50.48 |
| South | -25.61 |
Map references :
Africa
Area :
| total | 587 041 | square km |
| land | 581 540 | square km |
| water | 5 501 | square km |
Coastline :
4828.00 km
Climate :
tropical along coast, temperate inland, arid in south
Terrain :
narrow coastal plain, high plateau and mountains in center
Elevation extremes :
| lowest point | 0 | metres |
| highest point | 2 876 | metres |
Natural resources :
| bauxite | chromite |
| coal | fish |
| graphite | hydropower |
| mica | quartz |
| salt | semiprecious stones |
| tar sands |
Land use :
| arable land | 5.03 | % |
| permanent crops | 1.02 | % |
| other | 93.95 | % |
Irrigated land :
10 860 square km
Total renewable water resources :
337 cubic km
Natural hazards :
| periodic cyclones |
current issues :
soil erosion results from deforestation and overgrazing; desertification; surface water contaminated with raw sewage and other organic wastes; several endangered species of flora and fauna unique to the island
international agreements :
| Biodiversity | Climate Change |
| Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol | Desertification |
| Endangered Species | Hazardous Wastes |
| Law of the Sea | Marine Life Conservation |
| Ozone Layer Protection | Ship Pollution |
| Wetlands |
Population :
20 653 556
Indicators :
| Growth rate | 3.00 | % |
| Birth rate | 38.14 | births/1,000 population |
| Total fertility rate | 5.14 | children born/woman |
| Death rate | 8.14 | deaths/1,000 population |
Age structure :
| 0-14 years | 43.50 | % |
| 15-64 years | 53.50 | % |
| 65 years and over | 3.00 | % |
Median age :
| total | 18.00 | years |
| male | 17.80 | years |
| female | 18.20 | years |
Sex ratio :
| at birth | 1.03 | male(s)/female |
| under 15 years | 1.01 | male(s)/female |
| 15-64 years | 0.99 | male(s)/female |
| 65 years and over | 0.80 | male(s)/female |
| total population | 0.99 | male(s)/female |
Health :
| Infant mortality rate | 54.20 | deaths/1,000 live births |
| Life expectancy at birth - total population | 62.89 | years |
| Life expectancy at birth - male | 60.93 | years |
| Life expectancy at birth - female | 64.91 | years |
| HIV-AIDS adult prevalence rate | 0.10 | % |
| HIV-AIDS people living with HIV-AIDS | 14 000 | |
| HIV-AIDS deaths | 1 000 |
Religions :
| indigenous beliefs | 52.00 | % |
| Christian | 41.00 | % |
| Muslim | 7.00 | % |
Languages :
| English | |
| French | |
| Malagasy |
Literacy :
| total population | 68.90 | % |
| male | 75.50 | % |
| female | 62.50 | % |
Country name :
| conventional long form | Republic of Madagascar |
| conventional short form | Madagascar |
| local long form | Republique de Madagascar/Repoblikan'i Madagasikara |
| local short form | Madagascar/Madagasikara |
| former | Malagasy Republic |
Country Codes :
| ISO 3166 | MG |
| ISO Numeric | 450 |
| ISO3 | MDG |
| FIPS | MA |
| ccTLD | mg |
| English | Madagascar |
Administrative divisions :
6 provinces (faritany); Antananarivo, Antsiranana, Fianarantsoa, Mahajanga, Toamasina, Toliara
Capital :
| name | Antananarivo |
| geographic coordinates | 18 55 S, 47 31 E |
| time difference | 3.00 |
International organization participation :
| ACP | AU |
| AfDB | COMESA |
| FAO | G-77 |
| IAEA | IBRD |
| ICAO | ICC |
| ICCt | ICRM |
| IDA | IFAD |
| IFC | IFRCS |
| ILO | IMF |
| IMO | IOC |
| IOM | IPU |
| ISO (correspondent) | ITSO |
| ITU | ITUC |
| InOC | Interpol |
| MIGA | NAM |
| OIF | OPCW |
| SADC | UN |
| UNCTAD | UNESCO |
| UNHCR | UNIDO |
| UNWTO | UPU |
| WCO | WFTU |
| WHO | WIPO |
| WMO | WTO |
Independence :
1960-06-26
National holiday :
Independence Day
1960-06-26
Executive branch :
| President Andry RAJOELINA | Prime Minister Albert Camille VITAL |
GDP - Gross Domestic product :
| PPP - Purchasing Power Parity | 20 510 000 000 | $ |
| Official Exchange Rate | 8 974 000 000 | |
| RGR - Real Growth rate | 0.40 | % |
| PPP - per capita | 1 000 | $ |
GDP Composition by sector :
| agriculture | 26.60 | % |
| industry | 15.60 | % |
| services | 57.80 | % |
Other Indicators :
| Labor force | 9 504 000 | people |
| Population below poverty line | 50.00 | % |
| Distribution of family income - Gini index | 47.50 | |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | 8.00 | % |
| Investment (gross fixed) | 40.10 | % of GDP |
| Current account balance | - 1 002 999 999 | $ |
| Reserves of foreign exchange and gold | 798 000 000 | $ |
| Debt external | 2 053 999 999 | $ |
| Military expenditures | 1.00 | % of GDP |
Household income or consumption by percentage share :
| lowest 10% | 2.60 | % |
| highest 10% | 41.50 | % |
Budget :
| revenues | 1 232 000 000 | $ |
| expenditures | 1 861 000 000 | $ |
Agriculture - products :
| bananas | beans |
| cassava | cloves |
| cocoa | coffee |
| livestock | peanuts |
| rice | sugarcane |
| vanilla |
Industries :
| automobile assembly plant | breweries |
| cement | glassware |
| meat processing | paper |
| petroleum | seafood |
| soap | sugar |
| tanneries | textiles |
| tourism |
Energy :
| Electricity Production | 1 044 999 999 | kWh |
| Electricity Consumption | 971 400 000 | kWh |
| Oil Production | 85 | bbl/day |
| Oil Consumption | 20 000 | bbl/day |
| Oil Exports | 364 | bbl/day |
| Oil Imports | 16 940 | bbl/day |
Value :
1 040 000 000 $
Partners :
| France (fr) | 38.90 | % |
| United States (us) | 20.30 | % |
| Germany (de) | 5.00 | % |
Commodities :
| chromite | coffee |
| cotton cloth | petroleum products |
| shellfish | sugar |
| vanilla |
Value :
1 836 000 000 $
Partners :
| China (cn) | 20.10 | % |
| Bahrain (bh) | 8.70 | % |
| France (fr) | 6.30 | % |
| South Africa (za) | 5.70 | % |
| United States (us) | 4.90 | % |
| India (in) | 4.40 | % |
Commodities :
| capital products | consumer products |
| food | petroleum |
Currency-code :
MGA
Currency-name :
ariary
Communications :
| Telephons Main lines in use | 164 900 | |
| Telephons Mobile, Cellular | 4 835 000 | |
| FM Radio broadcast stations | 9 | |
| Television broadcast stations | 1 | |
| Internet Country code (ccTLD) | mg | |
| Internet Hosts | 27 807 | |
| Internet Users | 316 100 |
Transportation :
| Airports with paved runways | 27 | |
| Roadways - total | 65 663 | km |
| Roadways - paved | 7 617 | km |
| Roadways - unpaved | 58 046 | km |
| Railways | 854 | km |
| Waterways | 600 | km |
Flag
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