* βeta
Kyrgyzstan
Background :
A Central Asian country of incredible natural beauty and proud nomadic traditions, most of Kyrgyzstan was formally annexed to Russia in 1876. The Kyrgyz staged a major revolt against the Tsarist Empire in 1916 in which almost one-sixth of the Kyrgyz population was killed. Kyrgyzstan became a Soviet republic in 1936 and achieved independence in 1991 when the USSR dissolved. Nationwide demonstrations in the spring of 2005 resulted in the ouster of President Askar AKAEV, who had run the country since 1990. Subsequent presidential elections in July 2005 were won overwhelmingly by former prime minister Kurmanbek BAKIEV. The political opposition organized demonstrations in Bishkek in April, May, and November 2006 resulting in the adoption of a new constitution that transferred some of the president's powers to parliament and the government. In December 2006, the Kyrgyzstani parliament voted to adopt new amendments, restoring some of the presidential powers lost in the November 2006 constitutional change. By late-September 2007, both previous versions of the constitution were declared illegal, and the country reverted to the AKAEV-era 2003 constitution, which was subsequently modified in a flawed referendum initiated by BAKIEV. The president then dissolved parliament, called for early elections, and gained control of the new parliament through his newly-created political party, Ak Jol, in December 2007 elections. In July 2009, after months of harassment against his opponents and media critics, BAKIEV won re-election in a presidential campaign that the international community deemed flawed. Just a few months later in October, BAKIEV engineered changes in the government structure that further consolidated his already considerable hold on power. Current concerns include: privatization of state-owned enterprises, negative trends in democracy and political freedoms, endemic corruption, improving interethnic relations, electricity generation, and combating terrorism.
Location :
Central Asia, west of China
Geographic Coordinates Center :
41 00 N, 75 00 E (Latitude, Longtitude)
Geographic Coordinates Rectangle :
| West | 69.28 |
| North | 43.24 |
| East | 80.28 |
| South | 39.17 |
Map references :
Asia
Area :
| total | 199 951 | square km |
| land | 191 801 | square km |
| water | 8 150 | square km |
Land boundaries :
| total | 3 051 | km |
| China (cn) | 858 | km |
| Kazakhstan (kz) | 1 224 | km |
| Tajikistan (tj) | 870 | km |
| Uzbekistan (uz) | 1 099 | km |
Coastline :
0.00 km
Climate :
dry continental to polar in high Tien Shan Mountains; subtropical in southwest (Fergana Valley); temperate in northern foothill zone
Terrain :
peaks of Tien Shan and associated valleys and basins encompass entire nation
Elevation extremes :
| lowest point | 132 | metres |
| highest point | 7 439 | metres |
Natural resources :
| abundant hydropower | bismuth |
| gold and rare earth metals | lead |
| locally exploitable coal | mercury |
| natural gas | oil |
| other deposits of nepheline | zinc |
Land use :
| arable land | 6.55 | % |
| permanent crops | 0.28 | % |
| other | 93.17 | % |
Irrigated land :
10 720 square km
Total renewable water resources :
46 cubic km
current issues :
water pollution; many people get their water directly from contaminated streams and wells; as a result, water-borne diseases are prevalent; increasing soil salinity from faulty irrigation practices
international agreements :
| Air Pollution | Biodiversity |
| Climate Change | Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol |
| Desertification | Hazardous Wastes |
| Ozone Layer Protection | Wetlands |
Population :
5 431 747
Indicators :
| Growth rate | 1.40 | % |
| Birth rate | 23.44 | births/1,000 population |
| Total fertility rate | 2.65 | children born/woman |
| Death rate | 6.91 | deaths/1,000 population |
| Net migration rate | -2.57 | migrant(s)/1,000 population |
Age structure :
| 0-14 years | 29.70 | % |
| 15-64 years | 64.50 | % |
| 65 years and over | 5.80 | % |
Median age :
| total | 24.40 | years |
| male | 23.60 | years |
| female | 25.30 | years |
Sex ratio :
| at birth | 1.05 | male(s)/female |
| under 15 years | 1.04 | male(s)/female |
| 15-64 years | 0.96 | male(s)/female |
| 65 years and over | 0.64 | male(s)/female |
| total population | 0.96 | male(s)/female |
Health :
| Infant mortality rate | 31.26 | deaths/1,000 live births |
| Life expectancy at birth - total population | 69.43 | years |
| Life expectancy at birth - male | 65.43 | years |
| Life expectancy at birth - female | 73.64 | years |
| HIV-AIDS adult prevalence rate | 0.10 | % |
| HIV-AIDS people living with HIV-AIDS | 4 200 | |
| HIV-AIDS deaths | 200 |
Religions :
| Muslim | 75.00 | % |
| Orthodox | 20.00 | % |
| other | 5.00 | % |
Languages :
| Kyrgyz | 64.70 | % |
| Uzbek | 13.60 | % |
| Russian | 12.50 | % |
| Dungun | 1.00 | % |
Literacy :
| total population | 98.70 | % |
| male | 99.30 | % |
| female | 98.10 | % |
Country name :
| conventional long form | Kyrgyz Republic |
| conventional short form | Kyrgyzstan |
| local long form | Kyrgyz Respublikasy |
| local short form | Kyrgyzstan |
| former | Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic |
Country Codes :
| ISO 3166 | KG |
| ISO Numeric | 417 |
| ISO3 | KGZ |
| FIPS | KG |
| ccTLD | kg |
| English | Kyrgyzstan |
Administrative divisions :
7 provinces (oblastlar, singular - oblasty) and 1 city* (shaar); Batken Oblasty, Bishkek Shaary*, Chuy Oblasty (Bishkek), Jalal-Abad Oblasty, Naryn Oblasty, Osh Oblasty, Talas Oblasty, Ysyk-Kol Oblasty (Karakol)|
Capital :
| name | Bishkek |
| geographic coordinates | 42 52 N, 74 36 E |
| time difference | 6.00 |
International organization participation :
| ADB | CICA |
| CIS | CSTO |
| EAEC | EAPC |
| EBRD | ECO |
| FAO | GCTU |
| IAEA | IBRD |
| ICAO | ICCt (signatory) |
| ICRM | IDA |
| IDB | IFAD |
| IFC | IFRCS |
| ILO | IMF |
| IOC | IOM |
| IPU | ISO (correspondent) |
| ITSO | ITU |
| Interpol | MIGA |
| NAM (observer) | OIC |
| OPCW | OSCE |
| PCA | PFP |
| SCO | UN |
| UNCTAD | UNESCO |
| UNIDO | UNMIL |
| UNMIS | UNWTO |
| UPU | WCO |
| WFTU | WHO |
| WIPO | WMO |
| WTO |
Independence :
1991-08-31
National holiday :
Independence Day
1991-08-31
Executive branch :
| President Kurmanbek BAKIEV | Prime Minister Daniyar USENOV |
GDP - Gross Domestic product :
| PPP - Purchasing Power Parity | 11 660 000 000 | $ |
| Official Exchange Rate | 4 681 000 000 | |
| RGR - Real Growth rate | -1.00 | % |
| PPP - per capita | 2 100 | $ |
GDP Composition by sector :
| agriculture | 30.70 | % |
| industry | 15.90 | % |
| services | 53.40 | % |
Labor force - by occupation :
| agriculture | 48.00 | % |
| industry | 12.50 | % |
| services | 39.50 | % |
Other Indicators :
| Labor force | 2 344 000 | people |
| Unemployment rate | 18.00 | % |
| Population below poverty line | 40.00 | % |
| Distribution of family income - Gini index | 30.30 | |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | 7.90 | % |
| Investment (gross fixed) | 20.70 | % of GDP |
| Current account balance | - 39 000 000 | $ |
| Reserves of foreign exchange and gold | 1 510 000 000 | $ |
| Debt external | 3 467 000 000 | $ |
| Market value of publicly traded shares | 121 000 000 | $ |
| Military expenditures | 1.40 | % of GDP |
Household income or consumption by percentage share :
| lowest 10% | 3.60 | % |
| highest 10% | 25.90 | % |
Budget :
| revenues | 1 266 000 000 | $ |
| expenditures | 1 276 000 000 | $ |
Agriculture - products :
| berries | cattle |
| cotton | fruits |
| goats | grapes |
| potatoes | sheep |
| tobacco | vegetables |
| wool |
Industries :
| cement | electric motors |
| food processing | furniture |
| gold | machinery |
| rare earth metals | refrigerators |
| sawn logs | shoes |
| textiles |
Industrial production growth rate :
-20.00 %
Energy :
| Electricity Production | 15 960 000 000 | kWh |
| Electricity Consumption | 9 000 000 000 | kWh |
| Electricity Exports | 2 379 000 000 | kWh |
| Oil Production | 958 | bbl/day |
| Oil Consumption | 15 000 | bbl/day |
| Oil Exports | 1 890 | bbl/day |
| Oil Imports | 12 850 | bbl/day |
| Oil Proved reserves | 40 000 000 | bbl |
| Natural gas Production | 30 000 000 | cubic metres |
| Natural gas Consumption | 750 000 000 | cubic metres |
| Natural gas Imports | 720 000 000 | cubic metres |
| Electricity Exports | 5 663 000 000 | cubic metres |
Value :
1 334 000 000 $
Partners :
| Switzerland (ch) | 27.20 | % |
| Russia (ru) | 19.20 | % |
| Uzbekistan (uz) | 14.30 | % |
| Kazakhstan (kz) | 11.40 | % |
| France (fr) | 6.70 | % |
Commodities :
| cotton | gold |
| hydropower | machinery |
| meat | mercury |
| natural gas | shoes |
| tobacco | uranium |
| wool |
Value :
2 379 000 000 $
Partners :
| Russia (ru) | 36.60 | % |
| China (cn) | 17.90 | % |
| Kazakhstan (kz) | 9.20 | % |
| Germany (de) | 8.20 | % |
Commodities :
| chemicals | foodstuffs |
| machinery and equipment | oil and gas |
Currency-code :
KGS
Currency-name :
som
Communications :
| Telephons Main lines in use | 494 500 | |
| Telephons Mobile, Cellular | 3 394 000 | |
| FM Radio broadcast stations | 23 | |
| Television broadcast stations | 8 | |
| Internet Country code (ccTLD) | kg | |
| Internet Hosts | 82 496 | |
| Internet Users | 850 000 |
Transportation :
| Airports with paved runways | 18 | |
| Pipelines - gas | 254 | km |
| Pipelines - oil | 16 | km |
| Roadways - total | 18 500 | km |
| Roadways - expressways | 140 | km |
| Roadways - paved | 16 909 | km |
| Roadways - unpaved | 1 591 | km |
| Railways | 470 | km |
| Waterways | 600 | km |
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