* βeta
Tajikistan
Background :
The Tajik people came under Russian rule in the 1860s and 1870s, but Russia's hold on Central Asia weakened following the Revolution of 1917. Bolshevik control of the area was fiercely contested and not fully reestablished until 1925. Much of present-day Sughd province was transferred from the Uzbek SSR to the newly formed Tajik SSR in 1929. Ethnic Uzbeks form a substantial minority in Sughd province. Tajikistan became independent in 1991 following the breakup of the Soviet Union, and experienced a civil war between regional factions from 1992-97. There have been no major security incidents in recent years, although the country remains the poorest in the former Soviet sphere. Attention by the international community since the beginning of the NATO intervention in Afghanistan has brought increased economic development and security assistance, which could create jobs and strengthen stability in the long term. Tajikistan is in the early stages of seeking World Trade Organization membership and has joined NATO's Partnership for Peace.
Location :
Central Asia, west of China
Geographic Coordinates Center :
39 00 N, 71 00 E (Latitude, Longtitude)
Geographic Coordinates Rectangle :
| West | 67.39 |
| North | 41.04 |
| East | 75.14 |
| South | 36.67 |
Map references :
Asia
Area :
| total | 143 100 | square km |
| land | 141 510 | square km |
| water | 2 590 | square km |
Land boundaries :
| total | 3 651 | km |
| Afghanistan (af) | 1 206 | km |
| China (cn) | 414 | km |
| Kyrgyzstan (kg) | 870 | km |
| Uzbekistan (uz) | 1 161 | km |
Coastline :
0.00 km
Climate :
midlatitude continental, hot summers, mild winters; semiarid to polar in Pamir Mountains
Terrain :
Pamir and Alay Mountains dominate landscape; western Fergana Valley in north, Kofarnihon and Vakhsh Valleys in southwest
Elevation extremes :
| lowest point | 300 | metres |
| highest point | 7 495 | metres |
Natural resources :
| antimony | gold |
| hydropower | lead |
| lignite | mercury |
| silver | some petroleum |
| tungsten | uranium |
| zinc |
Land use :
| arable land | 6.52 | % |
| permanent crops | 0.89 | % |
| other | 92.59 | % |
Irrigated land :
7 220 square km
Total renewable water resources :
99 cubic km
Natural hazards :
| earthquakes | floods |
current issues :
inadequate sanitation facilities; increasing levels of soil salinity; industrial pollution; excessive pesticides
international agreements :
| Biodiversity | Climate Change |
| Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol | Desertification |
| Environmental Modification | Ozone Layer Protection |
| Wetlands |
Population :
7 349 145
Indicators :
| Growth rate | 1.88 | % |
| Birth rate | 26.90 | births/1,000 population |
| Total fertility rate | 2.99 | children born/woman |
| Death rate | 6.83 | deaths/1,000 population |
| Net migration rate | -1.28 | migrant(s)/1,000 population |
Age structure :
| 0-14 years | 34.30 | % |
| 15-64 years | 62.10 | % |
| 65 years and over | 3.60 | % |
Median age :
| total | 21.90 | years |
| male | 21.50 | years |
| female | 22.40 | years |
Sex ratio :
| at birth | 1.05 | male(s)/female |
| under 15 years | 1.04 | male(s)/female |
| 15-64 years | 0.98 | male(s)/female |
| 65 years and over | 0.74 | male(s)/female |
| total population | 0.99 | male(s)/female |
Health :
| Infant mortality rate | 41.03 | deaths/1,000 live births |
| Life expectancy at birth - total population | 65.33 | years |
| Life expectancy at birth - male | 62.29 | years |
| Life expectancy at birth - female | 68.52 | years |
| HIV-AIDS adult prevalence rate | 0.30 | % |
| HIV-AIDS people living with HIV-AIDS | 10 000 | |
| HIV-AIDS deaths | 500 |
Religions :
| Sunni Muslim | 85.00 | % |
| Shia Muslim | 5.00 | % |
| other | 10.00 | % |
Languages :
| Tajik | |
| Russian widely used in government |
Literacy :
| total population | 99.50 | % |
| male | 99.70 | % |
| female | 99.20 | % |
Country name :
| conventional long form | Republic of Tajikistan |
| conventional short form | Tajikistan |
| local long form | Jumhurii Tojikiston |
| local short form | Tojikiston |
| former | Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic |
Country Codes :
| ISO 3166 | TJ |
| ISO Numeric | 762 |
| ISO3 | TJK |
| FIPS | TI |
| ccTLD | tj |
| English | Tajikistan |
Administrative divisions :
2 provinces (viloyatho, singular - viloyat) and 1 autonomous province* (viloyati mukhtor); Viloyati Khatlon (Qurghonteppa), Viloyati Mukhtori Kuhistoni Badakhshon* [Gorno-Badakhshan] (Khorugh), Viloyati Sughd (Khujand)|
Capital :
| name | Dushanbe |
| geographic coordinates | 38 35 N, 68 48 E |
| time difference | 5.00 |
International organization participation :
| ADB | CICA |
| CIS | CSTO |
| EAEC | EAPC |
| EBRD | ECO |
| FAO | GCTU |
| IAEA | IBRD |
| ICAO | ICCt |
| ICRM | IDA |
| IDB | IFAD |
| IFC | IFRCS |
| ILO | IMF |
| IOC | IOM |
| IPU | ISO (correspondent) |
| ITSO | ITU |
| Interpol | MIGA |
| NAM (observer) | OIC |
| OPCW | OSCE |
| PFP | SCO |
| UN | UNCTAD |
| UNESCO | UNIDO |
| UNWTO | UPU |
| WCO | WFTU |
| WHO | WIPO |
| WMO | WTO (observer) |
Independence :
1991-09-09
National holiday :
Independence Day
1991-09-09
Executive branch :
| President Emomali RAHMON | Prime Minister Oqil OQILOV |
Legislative branch :
| PDPT | 74.90 | % |
| CPT | 13.60 | % |
| Islamic Revival Party | 8.90 | % |
| other | 2.50 | % |
GDP - Gross Domestic product :
| PPP - Purchasing Power Parity | 13 800 000 000 | $ |
| Official Exchange Rate | 4 741 000 000 | |
| RGR - Real Growth rate | 3.40 | % |
| PPP - per capita | 1 800 | $ |
GDP Composition by sector :
| agriculture | 18.90 | % |
| industry | 21.90 | % |
| services | 59.20 | % |
Labor force - by occupation :
| agriculture | 49.80 | % |
| industry | 12.80 | % |
| services | 37.40 | % |
Other Indicators :
| Labor force | 2 100 000 | people |
| Unemployment rate | 2.20 | % |
| Population below poverty line | 60.00 | % |
| Distribution of family income - Gini index | 32.60 | |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | 6.40 | % |
| Investment (gross fixed) | 5.00 | % of GDP |
| Current account balance | - 288 000 000 | $ |
| Reserves of foreign exchange and gold | 214 000 000 | $ |
| Debt external | 1 691 000 000 | $ |
| Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad | 12 710 000 000 | $ |
| Stock of direct foreign investment - at home | 112 400 000 000 | $ |
| Military expenditures | 3.90 | % of GDP |
Household income or consumption by percentage share :
| lowest 10% | 3.30 | % |
| highest 10% | 25.60 | % |
Budget :
| revenues | 1 220 000 000 | $ |
| expenditures | 1 200 000 000 | $ |
Agriculture - products :
| cattle | cotton |
| fruits | goats |
| grain | grapes |
| sheep | vegetables |
Industries :
| aluminum | cement |
| chemicals | fertilizer |
| freezers | lead |
| metal cutting machine tools | refrigerators |
| vegetable oil | zinc |
Energy :
| Electricity Production | 16 100 000 000 | kWh |
| Electricity Consumption | 16 700 000 000 | kWh |
| Electricity Exports | 1 000 000 000 | kWh |
| Electricity Imports | 667 800 000 | kWh |
| Oil Production | 238 | bbl/day |
| Oil Consumption | 36 000 | bbl/day |
| Oil Exports | 348 | bbl/day |
| Oil Imports | 10 100 | bbl/day |
| Oil Proved reserves | 12 000 000 | bbl |
| Natural gas Production | 16 100 000 | cubic metres |
| Natural gas Consumption | 266 100 000 | cubic metres |
| Natural gas Imports | 250 000 000 | cubic metres |
| Electricity Exports | 5 663 000 000 | cubic metres |
Value :
1 000 000 000 $
Partners :
| Netherlands (nl) | 36.70 | % |
| Turkey (tr) | 26.50 | % |
| Russia (ru) | 8.60 | % |
| Iran (ir) | 6.60 | % |
| China (cn) | 5.70 | % |
| Uzbekistan (uz) | 5.10 | % |
Commodities :
| aluminum | cotton |
| electricity | fruits |
| textiles | vegetable oil |
Value :
2 908 000 000 $
Partners :
| Russia (ru) | 32.30 | % |
| China (cn) | 11.90 | % |
| Kazakhstan (kz) | 8.80 | % |
| Uzbekistan (uz) | 4.70 | % |
Commodities :
| aluminum oxide | electricity |
| foodstuffs | machinery and equipment |
| petroleum products |
Currency-code :
TJS
Currency-name :
somoni
Communications :
| Telephons Main lines in use | 360 000 | |
| Telephons Mobile, Cellular | 3 500 000 | |
| Television broadcast stations | 24 | |
| Internet Country code (ccTLD) | tj | |
| Internet Hosts | 987 | |
| Internet Users | 600 000 |
Transportation :
| Airports with paved runways | 18 | |
| Pipelines - gas | 549 | km |
| Pipelines - oil | 38 | km |
| Roadways - total | 27 767 | km |
| Railways | 680 | km |
| Waterways | 200 | km |
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