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Macedonia
Background :
Macedonia gained its independence peacefully from Yugoslavia in 1991, but Greece's objection to the new state's use of what it considered a Hellenic name and symbols delayed international recognition, which occurred under the provisional designation of "the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia." In 1995, Greece lifted a 20-month trade embargo and the two countries agreed to normalize relations. The United States began referring to Macedonia by its constitutional name, Republic of Macedonia, in 2004 and negotiations continue between Greece and Macedonia to resolve the name issue. Some ethnic Albanians, angered by perceived political and economic inequities, launched an insurgency in 2001 that eventually won the support of the majority of Macedonia's Albanian population and led to the internationally-brokered Ohrid Framework Agreement, which ended the fighting by establishing a set of new laws enhancing the rights of minorities. Fully implementing the Framework Agreement and stimulating economic growth and development continue to be challenges for Macedonia, although progress has been made on both fronts over the past several years.
Location :
Southeastern Europe, north of Greece
Geographic Coordinates Center :
41 50 N, 22 00 E (Latitude, Longtitude)
Geographic Coordinates Rectangle :
| West | 20.46 |
| North | 42.36 |
| East | 23.04 |
| South | 40.86 |
Map references :
Europe
Area :
| total | 25 713 | square km |
| land | 25 433 | square km |
| water | 280 | square km |
Land boundaries :
| total | 766 | km |
| Albania (al) | 151 | km |
| Bulgaria (bg) | 148 | km |
| Greece (gr) | 246 | km |
| Kosovo | 159 | km |
| Serbia (rs) | 62 | km |
Coastline :
0.00 km
Climate :
warm, dry summers and autumns; relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall
Terrain :
mountainous territory covered with deep basins and valleys; three large lakes, each divided by a frontier line; country bisected by the Vardar River
Elevation extremes :
| lowest point | 50 | metres |
| highest point | 2 764 | metres |
Natural resources :
| arable land | asbestos |
| chromite | copper |
| gold | gypsum |
| lead | low-grade iron ore |
| manganese | nickel |
| silver | timber |
| tungsten | zinc |
Land use :
| arable land | 22.01 | % |
| permanent crops | 1.79 | % |
| other | 76.20 | % |
Irrigated land :
550 square km
Total renewable water resources :
6 cubic km
Natural hazards :
| seismic risks |
current issues :
air pollution from metallurgical plants
international agreements :
| Air Pollution | Biodiversity |
| Climate Change | Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol |
| Desertification | Endangered Species |
| Hazardous Wastes | Law of the Sea |
| Ozone Layer Protection | Wetlands |
Population :
2 066 718
Indicators :
| Growth rate | 0.26 | % |
| Birth rate | 11.97 | births/1,000 population |
| Total fertility rate | 1.58 | children born/woman |
| Death rate | 8.83 | deaths/1,000 population |
| Net migration rate | -0.52 | migrant(s)/1,000 population |
Age structure :
| 0-14 years | 19.20 | % |
| 15-64 years | 69.40 | % |
| 65 years and over | 11.40 | % |
Median age :
| total | 35.10 | years |
| male | 34.10 | years |
| female | 36.20 | years |
Sex ratio :
| at birth | 1.08 | male(s)/female |
| under 15 years | 1.08 | male(s)/female |
| 15-64 years | 1.02 | male(s)/female |
| 65 years and over | 0.77 | male(s)/female |
| total population | 1.00 | male(s)/female |
Health :
| Infant mortality rate | 9.01 | deaths/1,000 live births |
| Life expectancy at birth - total population | 74.68 | years |
| Life expectancy at birth - male | 72.18 | years |
| Life expectancy at birth - female | 77.38 | years |
| HIV-AIDS adult prevalence rate | 0.10 | % |
| HIV-AIDS people living with HIV-AIDS | 200 | |
| HIV-AIDS deaths | 100 |
Religions :
| Orthodox | 64.70 | % |
| Muslim | 33.30 | % |
| other Christian | 0.37 | % |
| other | 1.63 | % |
Languages :
| Macedonian | 66.50 | % |
| Albanian | 25.10 | % |
| Turkish | 3.50 | % |
| Roma | 1.90 | % |
| Serbian | 1.20 | % |
Literacy :
| total population | 96.10 | % |
| male | 98.20 | % |
| female | 94.10 | % |
Country name :
| conventional long form | Republic of Macedonia |
| conventional short form | Macedonia |
| local long form | Republika Makedonija |
| local short form | Makedonija |
Country Codes :
| ISO 3166 | MK |
| ISO Numeric | 807 |
| ISO3 | MKD |
| FIPS | MK |
| ccTLD | mk |
| English | Macedonia |
Administrative divisions :
84 municipalities (opstini, singular - opstina); Aerodrom (Skopje), Aracinovo, Berovo, Bitola, Bogdanci, Bogovinje, Bosilovo, Brvenica, Butel (Skopje), Cair (Skopje), Caska, Centar (Skopje), Centar Zupa, Cesinovo, Cucer Sandevo, Debar, Debarca, Delcevo, Demir Hisar, Demir Kapija, Dojran, Dolneni, Dorce Petrov (Gjorce Petrov) (Skopje), Drugovo, Gazi Baba (Skopje), Gevgelija, Gostivar, Gradsko, Ilinden, Jegunovce, Karbinci, Karpos (Skopje), Kavadarci, Kicevo, Kisela Voda (Skopje), Kocani, Konce, Kratovo, Kriva Palanka, Krivogastani, Krusevo, Kumanovo, Lipkovo, Lozovo, Makedonska Kamenica, Makedonski Brod, Mavrovo i Rostusa, Mogila, Negotino, Novaci, Novo Selo, Ohrid, Oslomej, Pehcevo, Petrovec, Plasnica, Prilep, Probistip, Radovis, Rankovce, Resen, Rosoman, Saraj (Skopje), Sopiste, Staro Nagoricane, Stip, Struga, Strumica, Studenicani, Suto Orizari (Skopje), Sveti Nikole, Tearce, Tetovo, Valandovo, Vasilevo, Veles, Vevcani, Vinica, Vranestica, Vrapciste, Zajas, Zelenikovo, Zelino, Zrnovci|
Capital :
| name | Skopje |
| geographic coordinates | 42 00 N, 21 26 E |
| time difference | 1.00 |
| daylight saving time | 1 |
International organization participation :
| BIS | CE |
| CEI | EAPC |
| EBRD | FAO |
| IAEA | IBRD |
| ICAO | ICCt |
| ICRM | IDA |
| IFAD | IFC |
| IFRCS | ILO |
| IMF | IMO |
| IOC | IOM (observer) |
| IPU | ISO |
| ITU | ITUC |
| Interpol | MIGA |
| OIF | OPCW |
| OSCE | PCA |
| PFP | SECI |
| UN | UNCTAD |
| UNESCO | UNHCR |
| UNIDO | UNIFIL |
| UNWTO | UPU |
| WCO | WFTU |
| WHO | WIPO |
| WMO | WTO |
Independence :
1991-09-08
National holiday :
Ilinden Uprising Day
1903-08-02
Executive branch :
| President Gjorge IVANOV | Prime Minister Nikola GRUEVSKI |
Legislative branch :
| VMRO-DPMNE-led block | 49.00 | % |
| SDSM-led block | 24.00 | % |
| BDI/DUI | 13.00 | % |
| PDSh/DPA | 8.00 | % |
| other | 6.00 | % |
GDP - Gross Domestic product :
| PPP - Purchasing Power Parity | 18 770 000 000 | $ |
| Official Exchange Rate | 8 825 000 000 | |
| RGR - Real Growth rate | -1.50 | % |
| PPP - per capita | 9 000 | $ |
GDP Composition by sector :
| agriculture | 11.90 | % |
| industry | 29.90 | % |
| services | 58.20 | % |
Labor force - by occupation :
| agriculture | 18.60 | % |
| industry | 29.50 | % |
| services | 51.90 | % |
Other Indicators :
| Unemployment rate | 31.70 | % |
| Population below poverty line | 28.70 | % |
| Distribution of family income - Gini index | 39.00 | |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | -0.80 | % |
| Investment (gross fixed) | 19.50 | % of GDP |
| Current account balance | - 798 000 000 | $ |
| Reserves of foreign exchange and gold | 2 290 000 000 | $ |
| Debt external | 5 458 000 000 | $ |
| Stock of direct foreign investment - at home | 3 528 000 000 | $ |
| Market value of publicly traded shares | 2 438 000 000 | $ |
| Military expenditures | 6.00 | % of GDP |
| Public debt | 32.40 | % of GDP |
Household income or consumption by percentage share :
| lowest 10% | 2.40 | % |
| highest 10% | 29.60 | % |
Budget :
| expenditures | 3 236 000 000 | $ |
Agriculture - products :
| eggs | fruits |
| grapes | milk |
| tobacco | vegetables |
| wine |
Industries :
| beverages | cement |
| chemicals | energy |
| food processing | iron |
| pharmaceuticals | steel |
| textiles |
Energy :
| Electricity Production | 6 162 000 000 | kWh |
| Electricity Consumption | 7 797 000 000 | kWh |
| Electricity Imports | 1 635 000 000 | kWh |
| Oil Consumption | 14 200 | bbl/day |
| Oil Exports | 4 672 | bbl/day |
| Oil Imports | 20 000 | bbl/day |
| Natural gas Consumption | 80 000 000 | cubic metres |
| Natural gas Imports | 82 000 000 | cubic metres |
Value :
3 035 000 000 $
Partners :
| Serbia and Montenegro | 20.10 | % |
| Germany (de) | 15.10 | % |
| Greece (gr) | 12.30 | % |
| Bulgaria (bg) | 9.90 | % |
| Italy (it) | 8.70 | % |
| Croatia (hr) | 6.40 | % |
Commodities :
| beverages | food |
| iron and steel | manufactures |
| textiles | tobacco |
Value :
4 942 000 000 $
Partners :
| Germany (de) | 13.20 | % |
| Greece (gr) | 12.30 | % |
| Bulgaria (bg) | 9.80 | % |
| Serbia and Montenegro | 6.90 | % |
| Italy (it) | 6.20 | % |
| Turkey (tr) | 5.60 | % |
| Slovenia (si) | 5.20 | % |
| Poland (pl) | 4.30 | % |
Commodities :
| automobiles | chemicals |
| food products | fuels |
| machinery and equipment |
Currency-code :
MKD
Currency-name :
Macedonian denar
Communications :
| Telephons Main lines in use | 457 100 | |
| Telephons Mobile, Cellular | 2 502 000 | |
| FM Radio broadcast stations | 68 | |
| Television broadcast stations | 76 | |
| Internet Country code (ccTLD) | mk | |
| Internet Hosts | 57 763 | |
| Internet Users | 847 900 |
Transportation :
| Airports with paved runways | 10 | |
| Pipelines - gas | 268 | km |
| Pipelines - oil | 120 | km |
| Roadways - total | 13 182 | km |
| Roadways - expressways | 208 | km |
| Railways | 699 | km |
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