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Mexico
Background :
The site of advanced Amerindian civilizations, Mexico came under Spanish rule for three centuries before achieving independence early in the 19th century. A devaluation of the peso in late 1994 threw Mexico into economic turmoil, triggering the worst recession in over half a century. The nation had been making an impressive recovery until the global financial crisis hit in late 2008. Ongoing economic and social concerns include low real wages, underemployment for a large segment of the population, inequitable income distribution, and few advancement opportunities for the largely Amerindian population in the impoverished southern states. The elections held in 2000 marked the first time since the 1910 Mexican Revolution that an opposition candidate - Vicente FOX of the National Action Party (PAN) - defeated the party in government, the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). He was succeeded in 2006 by another PAN candidate Felipe CALDERON. In January 2009, Mexico assumed a nonpermanent seat on the UN Security Council for the 2009-10 term.
Location :
Middle America, bordering the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico, between Belize and the United States and bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between Guatemala and the United States
Geographic Coordinates Center :
23 00 N, 102 00 W (Latitude, Longtitude)
Geographic Coordinates Rectangle :
| West | -118.45 |
| North | 32.72 |
| East | -86.70 |
| South | 14.53 |
Map references :
America
Area :
| total | 1 964 375 | square km |
| land | 1 943 945 | square km |
| water | 20 430 | square km |
Land boundaries :
| total | 4 353 | km |
| Belize (bz) | 250 | km |
| Guatemala (gt) | 962 | km |
| US | 3 141 | km |
Coastline :
9330.00 km
Climate :
varies from tropical to desert
Terrain :
high, rugged mountains; low coastal plains; high plateaus; desert
Elevation extremes :
| lowest point | 10 | metres |
| highest point | 5 700 | metres |
Natural resources :
| copper | gold |
| lead | natural gas |
| petroleum | silver |
| timber | zinc |
Land use :
| arable land | 12.66 | % |
| permanent crops | 1.28 | % |
| other | 86.06 | % |
Irrigated land :
63 200 square km
Total renewable water resources :
457 cubic km
Natural hazards :
| destructive earthquakes | hurricanes |
| tsunamis | volcanoes |
current issues :
scarcity of hazardous waste disposal facilities; rural to urban migration; natural fresh water resources scarce and polluted in north, inaccessible and poor quality in center and extreme southeast; raw sewage and industrial effluents polluting rivers in urban areas; deforestation; widespread erosion; desertification; deteriorating agricultural lands; serious air and water pollution in the national capital and urban centers along US-Mexico border; land subsidence in Valley of Mexico caused by groundwater depletion|
international agreements :
| Biodiversity | Climate Change |
| Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol | Desertification |
| Endangered Species | Hazardous Wastes |
| Law of the Sea | Marine Dumping |
| Marine Life Conservation | Ozone Layer Protection |
| Ship Pollution | Wetlands |
| Whaling |
Population :
111 211 789
Indicators :
| Growth rate | 1.13 | % |
| Birth rate | 19.71 | births/1,000 population |
| Total fertility rate | 2.34 | children born/woman |
| Death rate | 4.80 | deaths/1,000 population |
| Net migration rate | -3.61 | migrant(s)/1,000 population |
Age structure :
| 0-14 years | 29.10 | % |
| 15-64 years | 64.60 | % |
| 65 years and over | 6.20 | % |
Median age :
| total | 26.30 | years |
| male | 25.30 | years |
| female | 27.30 | years |
Sex ratio :
| at birth | 1.05 | male(s)/female |
| under 15 years | 1.04 | male(s)/female |
| 15-64 years | 0.94 | male(s)/female |
| 65 years and over | 0.82 | male(s)/female |
| total population | 0.96 | male(s)/female |
Health :
| Infant mortality rate | 18.42 | deaths/1,000 live births |
| Life expectancy at birth - total population | 76.06 | years |
| Life expectancy at birth - male | 73.25 | years |
| Life expectancy at birth - female | 79.00 | years |
| HIV-AIDS adult prevalence rate | 0.30 | % |
| HIV-AIDS people living with HIV-AIDS | 200 000 | |
| HIV-AIDS deaths | 11 000 |
Religions :
| Roman Catholic | 76.50 | % |
| Protestant | 6.30 | % |
| other | 0.30 | % |
| unspecified | 13.80 | % |
| none | 3.10 | % |
Languages :
| Spanish only | 92.70 | % |
| Spanish | ||
| Mayan | ||
| Nahuatl |
Literacy :
| total population | 91.00 | % |
| male | 92.40 | % |
| female | 89.60 | % |
Country name :
| conventional long form | United Mexican States |
| conventional short form | Mexico |
| local long form | Estados Unidos Mexicanos |
| local short form | Mexico |
Country Codes :
| ISO 3166 | MX |
| ISO Numeric | 484 |
| ISO3 | MEX |
| FIPS | MX |
| ccTLD | mx |
| English | Mexico |
Administrative divisions :
31 states (estados, singular - estado) and 1 federal district* (distrito federal); Aguascalientes, Baja California, Baja California Sur, Campeche, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Coahuila de Zaragoza, Colima, Distrito Federal*, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico, Michoacan de Ocampo, Morelos, Nayarit, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro de Arteaga, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz-Llave, Yucatan, Zacatecas
Capital :
| name | Mexico City |
| geographic coordinates | 19 26 N, 99 08 W |
| time difference | -6.00 |
| daylight saving time | 1 |
International organization participation :
| APEC | BCIE |
| BIS | CAN (observer) |
| CDB | CE (observer) |
| CSN (observer) | Caricom (observer) |
| EBRD | FAO |
| FATF | G-15 |
| G-20 | G-24 |
| G-3 | IADB |
| IAEA | IBRD |
| ICAO | ICC |
| ICCt | ICRM |
| IDA | IFAD |
| IFC | IFRCS |
| IHO | ILO |
| IMF | IMO |
| IMSO | IOC |
| IOM | IPU |
| ISO | ITSO |
| ITU | ITUC |
| Interpol | LAES |
| LAIA | MIGA |
| NAFTA | NAM (observer) |
| NEA | OAS |
| OECD | OPANAL |
| OPCW | PCA |
| Paris Club (associate) | RG |
| SICA (observer) | UN |
| UN Security Council (temporary) | UNASUR (observer) |
| UNCTAD | UNESCO |
| UNHCR | UNIDO |
| UNWTO | UPU |
| Union Latina | WCO |
| WFTU | WHO |
| WIPO | WMO |
| WTO |
Independence :
1810-09-16
National holiday :
Independence Day
1810-09-16
Executive branch :
| President Felipe de Jesus CALDERON Hinojosa |
GDP - Gross Domestic product :
| PPP - Purchasing Power Parity | 1 473 000 000 000 | $ |
| Official Exchange Rate | 866 300 000 000 | |
| RGR - Real Growth rate | -7.10 | % |
| PPP - per capita | 13 200 | $ |
GDP Composition by sector :
| agriculture | 4.10 | % |
| industry | 34.50 | % |
| services | 61.30 | % |
Labor force - by occupation :
| agriculture | 15.10 | % |
| industry | 25.70 | % |
| services | 59.00 | % |
Other Indicators :
| Labor force | 46 100 000 | people |
| Unemployment rate | 6.20 | % |
| Population below poverty line | 18.20 | % |
| Distribution of family income - Gini index | 48.20 | |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | 5.30 | % |
| Investment (gross fixed) | 20.80 | % of GDP |
| Current account balance | - 10 120 000 000 | $ |
| Reserves of foreign exchange and gold | 89 740 000 000 | $ |
| Debt external | 177 000 000 000 | $ |
| Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad | 46 390 000 000 | $ |
| Stock of direct foreign investment - at home | 307 700 000 000 | $ |
| Market value of publicly traded shares | 232 600 000 000 | $ |
| Military expenditures | 0.50 | % of GDP |
| Public debt | 42.60 | % of GDP |
Household income or consumption by percentage share :
| lowest 10% | 1.70 | % |
| highest 10% | 36.30 | % |
Budget :
| revenues | 188 200 000 000 | $ |
| expenditures | 222 700 000 000 | $ |
Agriculture - products :
| beans | beef |
| coffee | corn |
| cotton | dairy |
| fruits | poultry |
| rice | soya |
| tomatoes | wheat |
| wood |
Industries :
| beverages | chemicals |
| clothing | consumer durables |
| food | iron |
| mining | motor vehicles |
| petroleum | steel |
| textiles | tobacco |
| tourism |
Energy :
| Electricity Production | 245 000 000 000 | kWh |
| Electricity Consumption | 200 900 000 000 | kWh |
| Electricity Exports | 1 288 000 000 | kWh |
| Electricity Imports | 584 000 000 | kWh |
| Oil Production | 3 186 000 | bbl/day |
| Oil Consumption | 2 128 000 | bbl/day |
| Oil Exports | 1 986 000 | bbl/day |
| Oil Imports | 479 600 | bbl/day |
| Oil Proved reserves | 10 500 000 000 | bbl |
| Natural gas Production | 52 150 000 000 | cubic metres |
| Natural gas Consumption | 66 879 999 999 | cubic metres |
| Natural gas Exports | 1 136 000 000 | cubic metres |
| Natural gas Imports | 12 610 000 000 | cubic metres |
| Electricity Exports | 372 700 000 000 | cubic metres |
Value :
223 600 000 000 $
Partners :
| United States (us) | 80.20 | % |
| Canada (ca) | 2.40 | % |
| Germany (de) | 1.70 | % |
Commodities :
| coffee | cotton |
| fruits | manufactured products |
| oil and oil products | silver |
| vegetables |
Value :
234 600 000 000 $
Partners :
| United States (us) | 49.00 | % |
| China (cn) | 11.20 | % |
| Japan (jp) | 5.30 | % |
| South Korea | 4.40 | % |
| Germany (de) | 4.10 | % |
Commodities :
| agricultural machinery | aircraft |
| and aircraft parts | car parts for assembly |
| electrical equipment | metalworking machines |
| repair parts for motor vehicles | steel mill products |
Currency-code :
MXN
Currency-name :
Mexican peso
Communications :
| Telephons Main lines in use | 20 539 000 | |
| Telephons Mobile, Cellular | 75 304 000 | |
| FM Radio broadcast stations | 545 | |
| Television broadcast stations | 236 | |
| Internet Country code (ccTLD) | mx | |
| Internet Hosts | 12 716 000 | |
| Internet Users | 23 260 000 |
Transportation :
| Airports with paved runways | 246 | |
| Heliports | 1 | |
| Pipelines - gas | 22 705 | km |
| Pipelines - oil | 8 688 | km |
| Pipelines - refined products | 6 520 | km |
| Pipelines - liquid petroleum gas | 1 875 | km |
| Roadways - total | 356 945 | km |
| Roadways - expressways | 6 279 | km |
| Roadways - paved | 178 473 | km |
| Roadways - unpaved | 178 472 | km |
| Railways | 17 516 | km |
| Waterways | 2 900 | km |
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