* βeta
Armenia
Background :
Armenia prides itself on being the first nation to formally adopt Christianity (early 4th century). Despite periods of autonomy, over the centuries Armenia came under the sway of various empires including the Roman, Byzantine, Arab, Persian, and Ottoman. During World War I in the western portion of Armenia, Ottoman Turkey instituted a policy of forced resettlement coupled with other harsh practices that resulted in an estimated 1 million Armenian deaths. The eastern area of Armenia was ceded by the Ottomans to Russia in 1828; this portion declared its independence in 1918, but was conquered by the Soviet Red Army in 1920. Armenian leaders remain preoccupied by the long conflict with Azerbaijan over Nagorno-Karabakh, a primarily Armenian-populated region, assigned to Soviet Azerbaijan in the 1920s by Moscow. Armenia and Azerbaijan began fighting over the area in 1988; the struggle escalated after both countries attained independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. By May 1994, when a cease-fire took hold, ethnic Armenian forces held not only Nagorno-Karabakh but also a significant portion of Azerbaijan proper. The economies of both sides have been hurt by their inability to make substantial progress toward a peaceful resolution. Turkey closed the common border with Armenia in 1994 because of the Armenian separatists' control of Nagorno-Karabakh and surrounding areas, further hampering Armenian economic growth. However, in 2009 senior Armenian leaders began pursuing rapprochement with Turkey, which could result in the border reopening.
Location :
Southwestern Asia, east of Turkey
Geographic Coordinates Center :
40 00 N, 45 00 E (Latitude, Longtitude)
Geographic Coordinates Rectangle :
| West | 43.45 |
| North | 41.30 |
| East | 49.48 |
| South | 38.40 |
Map references :
Asia
Area :
| total | 29 743 | square km |
| land | 28 203 | square km |
| water | 1 540 | square km |
Land boundaries :
| total | 1 254 | km |
| Azerbaijan-proper | 566 | km |
| Azerbaijan-Naxcivan exclave | 221 | km |
| Georgia (ge) | 164 | km |
| Iran (ir) | 35 | km |
| Turkey (tr) | 268 | km |
Coastline :
0.00 km
Climate :
highland continental, hot summers, cold winters
Terrain :
Armenian Highland with mountains; little forest land; fast flowing rivers; good soil in Aras River valley
Elevation extremes :
| lowest point | 400 | metres |
| highest point | 4 090 | metres |
Land use :
| arable land | 16.78 | % |
| permanent crops | 2.01 | % |
| other | 81.21 | % |
Irrigated land :
2 860 square km
Total renewable water resources :
10 cubic km
Natural hazards :
| droughts | earthquakes |
current issues :
soil pollution from toxic chemicals such as DDT; the energy crisis of the 1990s led to deforestation when citizens scavenged for firewood; pollution of Hrazdan (Razdan) and Aras Rivers; the draining of Sevana Lich (Lake Sevan), a result of its use as a source for hydropower, threatens drinking water supplies; restart of Metsamor nuclear power plant in spite of its location in a seismically active zone
international agreements :
| Air Pollution | Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants |
| Biodiversity | Climate Change |
| Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol | Desertification |
| Environmental Modification | Hazardous Wastes |
| Law of the Sea | Ozone Layer Protection |
| Wetlands |
Population :
2 967 004
Indicators :
| Growth rate | -0.03 | % |
| Birth rate | 12.65 | births/1,000 population |
| Total fertility rate | 1.36 | children born/woman |
| Death rate | 8.39 | deaths/1,000 population |
| Net migration rate | -4.56 | migrant(s)/1,000 population |
Age structure :
| 0-14 years | 18.20 | % |
| 15-64 years | 71.10 | % |
| 65 years and over | 10.60 | % |
Median age :
| total | 31.50 | years |
| male | 28.80 | years |
| female | 34.40 | years |
Sex ratio :
| at birth | 1.14 | male(s)/female |
| under 15 years | 1.15 | male(s)/female |
| 15-64 years | 0.88 | male(s)/female |
| 65 years and over | 0.64 | male(s)/female |
| total population | 0.89 | male(s)/female |
Health :
| Infant mortality rate | 20.21 | deaths/1,000 live births |
| Life expectancy at birth - total population | 72.68 | years |
| Life expectancy at birth - male | 69.06 | years |
| Life expectancy at birth - female | 76.81 | years |
| HIV-AIDS adult prevalence rate | 0.10 | % |
| HIV-AIDS people living with HIV-AIDS | 2 400 | |
| HIV-AIDS deaths | 200 |
Religions :
| Apostolic | 94.70 | % |
| other Christian | 4.00 | % |
| Yezidi | 1.30 | % |
Languages :
| Armenian | 97.70 | % |
| Yezidi | 1.00 | % |
| Russian | 0.90 | % |
Literacy :
| total population | 99.40 | % |
| male | 99.70 | % |
| female | 99.20 | % |
Country name :
| conventional long form | Republic of Armenia |
| conventional short form | Armenia |
| local long form | Hayastani Hanrapetut'yun |
| local short form | Hayastan |
| former | Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic, Armenian Republic |
Country Codes :
| ISO 3166 | AM |
| ISO Numeric | 51 |
| ISO3 | ARM |
| FIPS | AM |
| ccTLD | am |
| English | Armenia |
Administrative divisions :
11 provinces (marzer, singular - marz); Aragatsotn, Ararat, Armavir, Geghark'unik', Kotayk', Lorri, Shirak, Syunik', Tavush, Vayots' Dzor, Yerevan
Capital :
| name | Yerevan |
| geographic coordinates | 40 10 N, 44 30 E |
| time difference | 4.00 |
| daylight saving time | 1 |
International organization participation :
| ACCT (observer) | ADB |
| BSEC | CE |
| CIS | CSTO |
| EAEC (observer) | EAPC |
| EBRD | FAO |
| GCTU | IAEA |
| IBRD | ICAO |
| ICCt (signatory) | ICRM |
| IDA | IFAD |
| IFC | IFRCS |
| ILO | IMF |
| IOC | IOM |
| IPU | ISO |
| ITSO | ITU |
| Interpol | MIGA |
| NAM (observer) | OAS (observer) |
| OIF (associate member) | OPCW |
| OSCE | PFP |
| UN | UNCTAD |
| UNESCO | UNIDO |
| UNWTO | UPU |
| WCO | WFTU |
| WHO | WIPO |
| WMO | WTO |
Independence :
1991-09-21
National holiday :
Independence Day
1991-09-21
Executive branch :
| President Serzh SARGSIAN | Prime Minister Tigran SARGSIAN |
Legislative branch :
| HHK | 33.90 | % |
| Prosperous Armenia | 15.10 | % |
| ARF (Dashnak) | 13.20 | % |
| Rule of Law | 7.10 | % |
| Heritage Party | 6.00 | % |
| other | 24.70 | % |
GDP - Gross Domestic product :
| PPP - Purchasing Power Parity | 16 180 000 000 | $ |
| Official Exchange Rate | 8 683 000 000 | |
| RGR - Real Growth rate | -15.00 | % |
| PPP - per capita | 5 900 | $ |
GDP Composition by sector :
| agriculture | 18.60 | % |
| industry | 33.50 | % |
| services | 48.00 | % |
Labor force - by occupation :
| agriculture | 46.20 | % |
| industry | 15.60 | % |
| services | 38.20 | % |
Other Indicators :
| Labor force | 1 481 000 | people |
| Unemployment rate | 7.10 | % |
| Population below poverty line | 26.50 | % |
| Distribution of family income - Gini index | 37.00 | |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | 4.20 | % |
| Investment (gross fixed) | 38.60 | % of GDP |
| Current account balance | - 1 086 000 000 | $ |
| Reserves of foreign exchange and gold | 885 000 000 | $ |
| Debt external | 4 470 000 000 | $ |
| Market value of publicly traded shares | 105 000 000 | $ |
| Military expenditures | 6.50 | % of GDP |
Household income or consumption by percentage share :
| lowest 10% | 1.60 | % |
| highest 10% | 41.30 | % |
Budget :
| revenues | 1 855 000 000 | $ |
| expenditures | 2 365 000 000 | $ |
Agriculture - products :
| fruits | livestock |
| vegetables |
Industries :
| brandy | chemicals |
| diamond processing | electric motors |
| food processing | forging and pressing machines |
| hosiery | instruments |
| jewelry manufacturing | knitted wear |
| metal cutting machine tools | microelectronics |
| shoes | silk fabric |
| software development | tires |
| trucks |
Industrial production growth rate :
-10.00 %
Energy :
| Electricity Production | 5 584 000 000 | kWh |
| Electricity Consumption | 4 776 000 000 | kWh |
| Electricity Exports | 451 300 000 | kWh |
| Electricity Imports | 418 700 000 | kWh |
| Oil Consumption | 48 000 | bbl/day |
| Oil Imports | 45 200 | bbl/day |
| Natural gas Consumption | 1 930 000 000 | cubic metres |
| Natural gas Imports | 1 930 000 000 | cubic metres |
Value :
715 000 000 $
Partners :
| Russia (ru) | 19.70 | % |
| Germany (de) | 17.40 | % |
| Netherlands (nl) | 12.40 | % |
| Belgium (be) | 8.50 | % |
| Georgia (ge) | 7.70 | % |
| Bulgaria (bg) | 5.60 | % |
| United States (us) | 5.00 | % |
Commodities :
| copper | diamonds |
| energy | foodstuffs |
| metals | mineral products |
| pig iron |
Value :
2 547 000 000 $
Partners :
| Russia (ru) | 19.10 | % |
| China (cn) | 8.60 | % |
| Ukraine (ua) | 7.10 | % |
| Turkey (tr) | 6.00 | % |
| Germany (de) | 5.70 | % |
| United States (us) | 4.90 | % |
| Iran (ir) | 4.60 | % |
Commodities :
| diamonds | foodstuffs |
| natural gas | petroleum |
| tobacco products |
Currency-code :
AMD
Currency-name :
dram
Communications :
| Telephons Main lines in use | 650 000 | |
| Telephons Mobile, Cellular | 2 336 000 | |
| FM Radio broadcast stations | 16 | |
| Television broadcast stations | 48 | |
| Internet Country code (ccTLD) | am | |
| Internet Hosts | 36 354 | |
| Internet Users | 191 000 |
Transportation :
| Airports with paved runways | 10 | |
| Pipelines - gas | 2 233 | km |
| Roadways - total | 8 888 | km |
| Roadways - expressways | 1 561 | km |
| Roadways - paved | 7 079 | km |
| Roadways - unpaved | 1 809 | km |
| Railways | 845 | km |
Flag
| Photos provided by
are under the copyright of their owners
|