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Colombia
Background :
Colombia was one of the three countries that emerged from the collapse of Gran Colombia in 1830 (the others are Ecuador and Venezuela). A four-decade long conflict between government forces and anti-government insurgent groups, principally the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) heavily funded by the drug trade, escalated during the 1990s. The insurgents lack the military or popular support necessary to overthrow the government and violence has been decreasing since about 2002, but insurgents continue attacks against civilians and large areas of the countryside are under guerrilla influence or are contested by security forces. More than 31,000 former paramilitaries had demobilized by the end of 2006 and the United Self Defense Forces of Colombia (AUC) as a formal organization had ceased to function. In the wake of the paramilitary demobilization, emerging criminal groups arose, whose members include some former paramilitaries. The Colombian Government has stepped up efforts to reassert government control throughout the country, and now has a presence in every one of its administrative departments. However, neighboring countries worry about the violence spilling over their borders.
Location :
Northern South America, bordering the Caribbean Sea, between Panama and Venezuela, and bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between Ecuador and Panama
Geographic Coordinates Center :
4 00 N, 72 00 W (Latitude, Longtitude)
Geographic Coordinates Rectangle :
| West | -81.73 |
| North | 13.38 |
| East | -66.87 |
| South | -4.23 |
Map references :
America
Area :
| total | 1 138 914 | square km |
| land | 1 109 104 | square km |
| water | 100 210 | square km |
Land boundaries :
| total | 6 309 | km |
| Brazil (br) | 1 644 | km |
| Ecuador (ec) | 590 | km |
| Panama (pa) | 225 | km |
| Peru (pe) | 1 800 | km |
| Venezuela (ve) | 2 050 | km |
Coastline :
3208.00 km
Climate :
tropical along coast and eastern plains; cooler in highlands
Terrain :
flat coastal lowlands, central highlands, high Andes Mountains, eastern lowland plains
Elevation extremes :
| lowest point | 0 | metres |
| highest point | 5 775 | metres |
Natural resources :
| coal | copper |
| emeralds | gold |
| hydropower | iron ore |
| natural gas | nickel |
| petroleum |
Land use :
| arable land | 2.01 | % |
| permanent crops | 1.37 | % |
| other | 96.62 | % |
Irrigated land :
9 000 square km
Total renewable water resources :
2 132 cubic km
Natural hazards :
| earthquakes | periodic droughts |
| volcanic eruptions |
current issues :
deforestation; soil and water quality damage from overuse of pesticides; air pollution, especially in Bogota, from vehicle emissions
international agreements :
| Antarctic Treaty | Biodiversity |
| Climate Change | Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol |
| Desertification | Endangered Species |
| Hazardous Wastes | Law of the Sea |
| Marine Life Conservation | Ozone Layer Protection |
| Ship Pollution | Tropical Timber 83 |
| Tropical Timber 94 | Wetlands |
Population :
43 677 372
Indicators :
| Growth rate | 1.22 | % |
| Birth rate | 18.09 | births/1,000 population |
| Total fertility rate | 2.22 | children born/woman |
| Death rate | 5.22 | deaths/1,000 population |
| Net migration rate | -0.69 | migrant(s)/1,000 population |
Age structure :
| 0-14 years | 27.70 | % |
| 15-64 years | 66.40 | % |
| 65 years and over | 5.80 | % |
Median age :
| total | 27.10 | years |
| male | 26.10 | years |
| female | 28.00 | years |
Sex ratio :
| at birth | 1.03 | male(s)/female |
| under 15 years | 1.02 | male(s)/female |
| 15-64 years | 0.95 | male(s)/female |
| 65 years and over | 0.75 | male(s)/female |
| total population | 0.96 | male(s)/female |
Health :
| Infant mortality rate | 17.37 | deaths/1,000 live births |
| Life expectancy at birth - total population | 74.07 | years |
| Life expectancy at birth - male | 70.69 | years |
| Life expectancy at birth - female | 77.64 | years |
| HIV-AIDS adult prevalence rate | 0.60 | % |
| HIV-AIDS people living with HIV-AIDS | 170 000 | |
| HIV-AIDS deaths | 9 800 |
Religions :
| Roman Catholic | 90.00 | % |
| other | 10.00 | % |
Languages :
| Spanish |
Literacy :
| total population | 90.40 | % |
| male | 90.10 | % |
| female | 90.70 | % |
Country name :
| conventional long form | Republic of Colombia |
| conventional short form | Colombia |
| local long form | Republica de Colombia |
| local short form | Colombia |
Country Codes :
| ISO 3166 | CO |
| ISO Numeric | 170 |
| ISO3 | COL |
| FIPS | CO |
| ccTLD | co |
| English | Colombia |
Administrative divisions :
32 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento) and 1 capital district* (distrito capital); Amazonas, Antioquia, Arauca, Atlantico, Bogota*, Bolivar, Boyaca, Caldas, Caqueta, Casanare, Cauca, Cesar, Choco, Cordoba, Cundinamarca, Guainia, Guaviare, Huila, La Guajira, Magdalena, Meta, Narino, Norte de Santander, Putumayo, Quindio, Risaralda, San Andres y Providencia, Santander, Sucre, Tolima, Valle del Cauca, Vaupes, Vichada
Capital :
| name | Bogota |
| geographic coordinates | 4 36 N, 74 05 W |
| time difference | -5.00 |
International organization participation :
| BCIE | CAN |
| CDB | Caricom (observer) |
| FAO | G-24 |
| G-3 | G-77 |
| IADB | IAEA |
| IBRD | ICAO |
| ICC | ICCt |
| ICRM | IDA |
| IFAD | IFC |
| IFRCS | IHO |
| ILO | IMF |
| IMO | IMSO |
| IOC | IOM |
| IPU | ISO |
| ITSO | ITU |
| ITUC | Interpol |
| LAES | LAIA |
| MIGA | Mercosur (associate) |
| NAM | OAS |
| OPANAL | OPCW |
| PCA | RG |
| UN | UNASUR |
| UNCTAD | UNESCO |
| UNHCR | UNIDO |
| UNWTO | UPU |
| Union Latina | WCO |
| WFTU | WHO |
| WIPO | WMO |
| WTO |
Independence :
1810-07-20
National holiday :
Independence Day
1810-07-20
Executive branch :
| President Alvaro URIBE Velez |
GDP - Gross Domestic product :
| PPP - Purchasing Power Parity | 400 300 000 000 | $ |
| Official Exchange Rate | 228 600 000 000 | |
| RGR - Real Growth rate | -0.10 | % |
| PPP - per capita | 9 200 | $ |
GDP Composition by sector :
| agriculture | 9.10 | % |
| industry | 38.20 | % |
| services | 52.80 | % |
Labor force - by occupation :
| agriculture | 22.40 | % |
| industry | 18.80 | % |
| services | 58.80 | % |
Other Indicators :
| Labor force | 20 030 000 | people |
| Unemployment rate | 12.00 | % |
| Population below poverty line | 49.20 | % |
| Distribution of family income - Gini index | 56.20 | |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | 3.00 | % |
| Investment (gross fixed) | 23.20 | % of GDP |
| Current account balance | - 7 136 000 000 | $ |
| Reserves of foreign exchange and gold | 24 840 000 000 | $ |
| Debt external | 47 330 000 000 | $ |
| Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad | 15 680 000 000 | $ |
| Stock of direct foreign investment - at home | 75 990 000 000 | $ |
| Market value of publicly traded shares | 87 030 000 000 | $ |
| Military expenditures | 3.40 | % of GDP |
| Public debt | 46.10 | % of GDP |
Household income or consumption by percentage share :
| lowest 10% | 0.80 | % |
| highest 10% | 45.00 | % |
Budget :
| revenues | 72 160 000 000 | $ |
| expenditures | 79 000 000 000 | $ |
Agriculture - products :
| bananas | cocoa beans |
| coffee | corn |
| cut flowers | forest |
| oilseed | rice |
| shrimp | sugarcane |
| tobacco | vegetables |
Industries :
| beverages | cement |
| chemicals | clothing |
| coal | emeralds |
| food processing | footwear |
| gold | oil |
| textiles |
Energy :
| Electricity Production | 50 580 000 000 | kWh |
| Electricity Consumption | 38 590 000 000 | kWh |
| Electricity Exports | 876 700 000 | kWh |
| Electricity Imports | 39 400 000 | kWh |
| Oil Production | 600 600 | bbl/day |
| Oil Consumption | 291 000 | bbl/day |
| Oil Exports | 294 000 | bbl/day |
| Oil Imports | 16 540 | bbl/day |
| Oil Proved reserves | 1 355 000 000 | bbl |
| Natural gas Production | 9 000 000 000 | cubic metres |
| Natural gas Consumption | 8 100 000 000 | cubic metres |
| Natural gas Exports | 900 000 000 | cubic metres |
| Electricity Exports | 105 900 000 000 | cubic metres |
Value :
31 340 000 000 $
Partners :
| United States (us) | 38.00 | % |
| Venezuela (ve) | 16.20 | % |
| Ecuzador | 4.00 | % |
Commodities :
| apparel | bananas |
| coal | coffee |
| crude oil | cut flowers |
| emeralds | nickel |
Value :
31 670 000 000 $
Partners :
| United States (us) | 29.20 | % |
| China (cn) | 11.50 | % |
| Mexico (mx) | 7.90 | % |
| Brazil (br) | 5.90 | % |
Commodities :
| chemicals | consumer products |
| electricity | fuels |
| industrial equipment | paper products |
| transportation equipment |
Currency-code :
COP
Currency-name :
Colombian peso
Communications :
| Telephons Main lines in use | 6 820 000 | |
| Telephons Mobile, Cellular | 41 365 000 | |
| FM Radio broadcast stations | 34 | |
| Television broadcast stations | 60 | |
| Internet Country code (ccTLD) | co | |
| Internet Hosts | 2 217 000 | |
| Internet Users | 17 117 000 |
Transportation :
| Airports with paved runways | 116 | |
| Heliports | 2 | |
| Pipelines - gas | 4 567 | km |
| Pipelines - oil | 6 097 | km |
| Pipelines - refined products | 3 382 | km |
| Roadways - total | 164 257 | km |
| Railways | 3 802 | km |
| Waterways | 18 000 | km |
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