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Ecuador
Background :
What is now Ecuador formed part of the northern Inca Empire until the Spanish conquest in 1533. Quito became a seat of Spanish colonial government in 1563 and part of the Viceroyalty of New Granada in 1717. The territories of the Viceroyalty - New Granada (Colombia), Venezuela, and Quito - gained their independence between 1819 and 1822 and formed a federation known as Gran Colombia. When Quito withdrew in 1830, the traditional name was changed in favor of the "Republic of the Equator." Between 1904 and 1942, Ecuador lost territories in a series of conflicts with its neighbors. A border war with Peru that flared in 1995 was resolved in 1999. Although Ecuador marked 25 years of civilian governance in 2004, the period has been marred by political instability. Protests in Quito have contributed to the mid-term ouster of Ecuador's last three democratically elected Presidents. In September 2008, voters approved a new constitution; Ecuador's twentieth since gaining independence. General elections, under the new constitutional framework, were held in April 2009.
Location :
Western South America, bordering the Pacific Ocean at the Equator, between Colombia and Peru
Geographic Coordinates Center :
2 00 S, 77 30 W (Latitude, Longtitude)
Geographic Coordinates Rectangle :
| West | -91.66 |
| North | 1.42 |
| East | -75.18 |
| South | -5.00 |
Map references :
America
Area :
| total | 283 561 | square km |
| land | 276 841 | square km |
| water | 6 720 | square km |
Land boundaries :
| total | 2 010 | km |
| Colombia (co) | 590 | km |
| Peru (pe) | 1 420 | km |
Coastline :
2237.00 km
Climate :
tropical along coast, becoming cooler inland at higher elevations; tropical in Amazonian jungle lowlands
Terrain :
coastal plain (costa), inter-Andean central highlands (sierra), and flat to rolling eastern jungle (oriente)
Elevation extremes :
| lowest point | 0 | metres |
| highest point | 6 267 | metres |
Natural resources :
| fish | hydropower |
| petroleum | timber |
Land use :
| arable land | 5.71 | % |
| permanent crops | 4.81 | % |
| other | 89.48 | % |
Irrigated land :
8 650 square km
Total renewable water resources :
432 cubic km
Natural hazards :
| floods | frequent earthquakes |
| lides | periodic droughts |
| volcanic activity |
current issues :
deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; water pollution; pollution from oil production wastes in ecologically sensitive areas of the Amazon Basin and Galapagos Islands
international agreements :
| Antarctic Treaty | Antarctic-Environmental Protocol |
| Biodiversity | Climate Change |
| Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol | Desertification |
| Endangered Species | Hazardous Wastes |
| Ozone Layer Protection | Ship Pollution |
| Tropical Timber 83 | Tropical Timber 94 |
| Wetlands |
Population :
14 573 101
Indicators :
| Growth rate | 1.50 | % |
| Birth rate | 20.77 | births/1,000 population |
| Total fertility rate | 2.51 | children born/woman |
| Death rate | 4.99 | deaths/1,000 population |
| Net migration rate | -0.81 | migrant(s)/1,000 population |
Age structure :
| 0-14 years | 31.10 | % |
| 15-64 years | 62.70 | % |
| 65 years and over | 6.20 | % |
Median age :
| total | 25.00 | years |
| male | 24.40 | years |
| female | 25.60 | years |
Sex ratio :
| at birth | 1.05 | male(s)/female |
| under 15 years | 1.04 | male(s)/female |
| 15-64 years | 0.97 | male(s)/female |
| 65 years and over | 0.93 | male(s)/female |
| total population | 0.99 | male(s)/female |
Health :
| Infant mortality rate | 20.90 | deaths/1,000 live births |
| Life expectancy at birth - total population | 75.30 | years |
| Life expectancy at birth - male | 72.37 | years |
| Life expectancy at birth - female | 78.37 | years |
| HIV-AIDS adult prevalence rate | 0.30 | % |
| HIV-AIDS people living with HIV-AIDS | 26 000 | |
| HIV-AIDS deaths | 1 400 |
Religions :
| Roman Catholic | 95.00 | % |
| other | 5.00 | % |
Languages :
| Spanish | |
| Amerindian |
Literacy :
| total population | 91.00 | % |
| male | 92.30 | % |
| female | 89.70 | % |
Country name :
| conventional long form | Republic of Ecuador |
| conventional short form | Ecuador |
| local long form | Republica del Ecuador |
| local short form | Ecuador |
Country Codes :
| ISO 3166 | EC |
| ISO Numeric | 218 |
| ISO3 | ECU |
| FIPS | EC |
| ccTLD | ec |
| English | Ecuador |
Administrative divisions :
24 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia); Azuay, Bolivar, Canar, Carchi, Chimborazo, Cotopaxi, El Oro, Esmeraldas, Galapagos, Guayas, Imbabura, Loja, Los Rios, Manabi, Morona-Santiago, Napo, Orellana, Pastaza, Pichincha, Santa Elena, Santo Domingo de los Tsachilas, Sucumbios, Tungurahua, Zamora-Chinchipe
Capital :
| name | Quito |
| geographic coordinates | 0 13 S, 78 30 W |
| time difference | -5.00 |
International organization participation :
| CAN | FAO |
| G-77 | IADB |
| IAEA | IBRD |
| ICAO | ICC |
| ICCt | ICRM |
| IDA | IFAD |
| IFC | IFRCS |
| IHO | ILO |
| IMF | IMO |
| IOC | IOM |
| IPU | ISO |
| ITSO | ITU |
| ITUC | Interpol |
| LAES | LAIA |
| MIGA | MINUSTAH |
| Mercosur (associate) | NAM |
| OAS | OPANAL |
| OPCW | OPEC |
| PCA | RG |
| UN | UNASUR |
| UNCTAD | UNESCO |
| UNHCR | UNIDO |
| UNMIL | UNMIS |
| UNOCI | UNWTO |
| UPU | Union Latina |
| WCO | WFTU |
| WHO | WIPO |
| WMO | WTO |
Independence :
1822-05-24
National holiday :
Independence Day
1809-08-10
Executive branch :
| President Rafael CORREA Delgado |
GDP - Gross Domestic product :
| PPP - Purchasing Power Parity | 107 100 000 000 | $ |
| Official Exchange Rate | 55 610 000 000 | |
| RGR - Real Growth rate | -2.00 | % |
| PPP - per capita | 7 300 | $ |
GDP Composition by sector :
| agriculture | 6.80 | % |
| industry | 35.70 | % |
| services | 57.60 | % |
Labor force - by occupation :
| agriculture | 8.30 | % |
| industry | 21.20 | % |
| services | 70.40 | % |
Other Indicators :
| Labor force | 4 770 000 | people |
| Unemployment rate | 9.80 | % |
| Population below poverty line | 38.30 | % |
| Distribution of family income - Gini index | 46.00 | |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | 5.40 | % |
| Investment (gross fixed) | 22.30 | % of GDP |
| Current account balance | - 1 030 999 999 | $ |
| Reserves of foreign exchange and gold | 3 511 000 000 | $ |
| Debt external | 13 310 000 000 | $ |
| Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad | 8 487 000 000 | $ |
| Stock of direct foreign investment - at home | 17 140 000 000 | $ |
| Market value of publicly traded shares | 4 562 000 000 | $ |
| Military expenditures | 2.80 | % of GDP |
| Public debt | 32.30 | % of GDP |
Household income or consumption by percentage share :
| lowest 10% | 1.20 | % |
| highest 10% | 43.30 | % |
Budget :
| revenues | 15 680 000 000 | $ |
Agriculture - products :
| balsa wood | bananas |
| beef | cassava |
| cattle | cocoa |
| coffee | dairy |
| fish | pigs |
| plantains | pork |
| potatoes | rice |
| sheep | shrimp |
| sugarcane |
Industries :
| chemicals | food processing |
| petroleum | textiles |
| wood products |
Energy :
| Electricity Production | 16 750 000 000 | kWh |
| Electricity Consumption | 9 888 000 000 | kWh |
| Electricity Exports | 38 530 000 | kWh |
| Electricity Imports | 861 000 000 | kWh |
| Oil Production | 505 100 | bbl/day |
| Oil Consumption | 178 000 | bbl/day |
| Oil Exports | 417 000 | bbl/day |
| Oil Imports | 54 190 | bbl/day |
| Oil Proved reserves | 4 660 000 000 | bbl |
| Natural gas Production | 260 000 000 | cubic metres |
| Natural gas Consumption | 260 000 000 | cubic metres |
| Electricity Exports | 8 919 000 000 | cubic metres |
Value :
13 630 000 000 $
Partners :
| United States (us) | 45.30 | % |
| Peru (pe) | 9.20 | % |
| Chile (cl) | 8.10 | % |
| Panama (pa) | 4.80 | % |
| Colombia (co) | 4.20 | % |
Commodities :
| bananas | cacao |
| coffee | crude oil |
| cut flowers | fish |
| hemp | shrimp |
| wood |
Value :
14 230 000 000 $
Partners :
| United States (us) | 19.10 | % |
| Venezuela (ve) | 13.80 | % |
| Colombia (co) | 9.90 | % |
| China (cn) | 8.40 | % |
| Brazil (br) | 4.80 | % |
| Japan (jp) | 4.10 | % |
Commodities :
| consumer products | fuels and lubricants |
| industrial materials |
Currency-code :
USD
Currency-name :
US dollar
Communications :
| Telephons Main lines in use | 1 910 000 | |
| Telephons Mobile, Cellular | 11 595 000 | |
| FM Radio broadcast stations | 35 | |
| Television broadcast stations | 7 | |
| Internet Country code (ccTLD) | ec | |
| Internet Hosts | 57 785 | |
| Internet Users | 1 310 000 |
Transportation :
| Airports with paved runways | 103 | |
| Heliports | 2 | |
| Pipelines - gas | 5 | km |
| Pipelines - oil | 1 374 | km |
| Pipelines - refined products | 1 301 | km |
| Roadways - total | 43 670 | km |
| Roadways - paved | 6 472 | km |
| Roadways - unpaved | 37 198 | km |
| Railways | 965 | km |
| Waterways | 1 500 | km |
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