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Malaysia
Background :
During the late 18th and 19th centuries, Great Britain established colonies and protectorates in the area of current Malaysia; these were occupied by Japan from 1942 to 1945. In 1948, the British-ruled territories on the Malay Peninsula formed the Federation of Malaya, which became independent in 1957. Malaysia was formed in 1963 when the former British colonies of Singapore and the East Malaysian states of Sabah and Sarawak on the northern coast of Borneo joined the Federation. The first several years of the country's history were marred by a Communist insurgency, Indonesian confrontation with Malaysia, Philippine claims to Sabah, and Singapore's secession from the Federation in 1965. During the 22-year term of Prime Minister MAHATHIR bin Mohamad (1981-2003), Malaysia was successful in diversifying its economy from dependence on exports of raw materials to expansion in manufacturing, services, and tourism.
Location :
Southeastern Asia, peninsula bordering Thailand and northern one-third of the island of Borneo, bordering Indonesia, Brunei, and the South China Sea, south of Vietnam
Geographic Coordinates Center :
2 30 N, 112 30 E (Latitude, Longtitude)
Geographic Coordinates Rectangle :
| West | 99.64 |
| North | 7.36 |
| East | 119.27 |
| South | 0.86 |
Map references :
Asia
Area :
| total | 329 847 | square km |
| land | 328 657 | square km |
| water | 1 190 | square km |
Land boundaries :
| total | 2 669 | km |
| Brunei (bn) | 381 | km |
| Indonesia (id) | 1 782 | km |
| Thailand (th) | 506 | km |
Coastline :
4675.00 km
Climate :
tropical; annual southwest (April to October) and northeast (October to February) monsoons
Terrain :
coastal plains rising to hills and mountains
Elevation extremes :
| lowest point | 0 | metres |
| highest point | 4 100 | metres |
Natural resources :
| bauxite | copper |
| iron ore | natural gas |
| petroleum | timber |
| tin |
Land use :
| arable land | 5.46 | % |
| permanent crops | 17.54 | % |
| other | 77.00 | % |
Irrigated land :
3 650 square km
Total renewable water resources :
580 cubic km
Natural hazards :
| flooding | lides |
current issues :
air pollution from industrial and vehicular emissions; water pollution from raw sewage; deforestation; smoke/haze from Indonesian forest fires
international agreements :
| Biodiversity | Climate Change |
| Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol | Desertification |
| Endangered Species | Hazardous Wastes |
| Law of the Sea | Marine Life Conservation |
| Ozone Layer Protection | Ship Pollution |
| Tropical Timber 83 | Tropical Timber 94 |
| Wetlands |
Population :
25 715 819
Indicators :
| Growth rate | 1.72 | % |
| Birth rate | 22.24 | births/1,000 population |
| Total fertility rate | 2.95 | children born/woman |
| Death rate | 5.02 | deaths/1,000 population |
Age structure :
| 0-14 years | 31.40 | % |
| 15-64 years | 63.60 | % |
| 65 years and over | 5.00 | % |
Median age :
| total | 24.90 | years |
| male | 24.30 | years |
| female | 25.60 | years |
Sex ratio :
| at birth | 1.07 | male(s)/female |
| under 15 years | 1.06 | male(s)/female |
| 15-64 years | 1.01 | male(s)/female |
| 65 years and over | 0.79 | male(s)/female |
| total population | 1.01 | male(s)/female |
Health :
| Infant mortality rate | 15.87 | deaths/1,000 live births |
| Life expectancy at birth - total population | 73.29 | years |
| Life expectancy at birth - male | 70.56 | years |
| Life expectancy at birth - female | 76.21 | years |
| HIV-AIDS adult prevalence rate | 0.50 | % |
| HIV-AIDS people living with HIV-AIDS | 80 000 | |
| HIV-AIDS deaths | 3 900 |
Religions :
| Muslim | 60.40 | % |
| Buddhist | 19.20 | % |
| Christian | 9.10 | % |
| Hindu | 6.30 | % |
| other | 1.50 | % |
| none | 0.80 | % |
Languages :
| Bahasa Malaysia | |
| English | |
| Chinese | |
| Tamil | |
| Telugu | |
| Malayalam | |
| Punjabi | |
| Thai| |
Literacy :
| total population | 88.70 | % |
| male | 92.00 | % |
| female | 85.40 | % |
Country name :
| conventional short form | Malaysia |
| local short form | Malaysia |
| former | Federation of Malaya |
Country Codes :
| ISO 3166 | MY |
| ISO Numeric | 458 |
| ISO3 | MYS |
| FIPS | MY |
| ccTLD | my |
| English | Malaysia |
Administrative divisions :
13 states (negeri-negeri, singular - negeri) Johor, Kedah, Kelantan, Melaka, Negeri Sembilan, Pahang, Perak, Perlis, Pulau Pinang, Sabah, Sarawak, Selangor, and Terengganu; and 1 federal territory (Wilayah Persekutuan) with three components, city of Kuala Lumpur, Labuan, and Putrajaya
Capital :
| name | Kuala Lumpur |
| geographic coordinates | 3 10 N, 101 42 E |
| time difference | 8.00 |
International organization participation :
| ADB | APEC |
| APT | ARF |
| ASEAN | BIS |
| C | CICA (observer) |
| CP | D-8 |
| EAS | FAO |
| G-15 | G-77 |
| IAEA | IBRD |
| ICAO | ICC |
| ICRM | IDA |
| IDB | IFAD |
| IFC | IFRCS |
| IHO | ILO |
| IMF | IMO |
| IMSO | IOC |
| IPU | ISO |
| ITSO | ITU |
| ITUC | Interpol |
| MIGA | MINURSO |
| MONUC | NAM |
| OIC | OPCW |
| PCA | PIF (partner) |
| UN | UNAMID |
| UNCTAD | UNESCO |
| UNIDO | UNIFIL |
| UNMIL | UNMIS |
| UNMIT | UNWTO |
| UPU | WCO |
| WFTU | WHO |
| WIPO | WMO |
| WTO |
Independence :
1957-08-31
National holiday :
Independence Day
1957-08-31
Executive branch :
| King - Sultan MIZAN Zainal Abidin | Prime Minister Mohamed NAJIB bin Abdul Razak |
Legislative branch :
| others | 2.90 | % |
GDP - Gross Domestic product :
| PPP - Purchasing Power Parity | 378 900 000 000 | $ |
| Official Exchange Rate | 207 400 000 000 | |
| RGR - Real Growth rate | -2.80 | % |
| PPP - per capita | 14 700 | $ |
GDP Composition by sector :
| agriculture | 10.10 | % |
| industry | 42.30 | % |
| services | 47.60 | % |
Labor force - by occupation :
| agriculture | 13.00 | % |
| industry | 36.00 | % |
| services | 51.00 | % |
Other Indicators :
| Labor force | 11 290 000 | people |
| Unemployment rate | 5.00 | % |
| Population below poverty line | 5.10 | % |
| Distribution of family income - Gini index | 46.10 | |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | 0.40 | % |
| Investment (gross fixed) | 18.20 | % of GDP |
| Current account balance | 27 760 000 000 | $ |
| Reserves of foreign exchange and gold | 98 020 000 000 | $ |
| Debt external | 48 260 000 000 | $ |
| Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad | 70 700 000 000 | $ |
| Stock of direct foreign investment - at home | 86 430 000 000 | $ |
| Market value of publicly traded shares | 187 100 000 000 | $ |
| Military expenditures | 2.03 | % of GDP |
| Public debt | 47.80 | % of GDP |
Household income or consumption by percentage share :
| lowest 10% | 2.60 | % |
| highest 10% | 28.50 | % |
Budget :
| revenues | 44 600 000 000 | $ |
| expenditures | 60 720 000 000 | $ |
Agriculture - products :
| Sarawak - rubber | cocoa |
| coconuts | palm oil |
| pepper | rice |
| rice | rubber |
| rubber | timber |
| timber |
Industries :
| electronics | light manufacturing |
| logging | rubber and oil palm processing and manufacturing |
| timber processing | tin mining and smelting |
Energy :
| Electricity Production | 103 200 000 000 | kWh |
| Electricity Consumption | 99 250 000 000 | kWh |
| Electricity Exports | 2 268 000 000 | kWh |
| Oil Production | 727 200 | bbl/day |
| Oil Consumption | 547 000 | bbl/day |
| Oil Exports | 511 900 | bbl/day |
| Oil Imports | 314 600 | bbl/day |
| Oil Proved reserves | 4 000 000 000 | bbl |
| Natural gas Production | 57 300 000 000 | cubic metres |
| Natural gas Consumption | 26 270 000 000 | cubic metres |
| Natural gas Exports | 31 030 000 000 | cubic metres |
| Electricity Exports | 2 350 000 000 000 | cubic metres |
Value :
156 400 000 000 $
Partners :
| Singapore (sg) | 13.90 | % |
| China (cn) | 12.20 | % |
| United States (us) | 10.90 | % |
| Japan (jp) | 9.80 | % |
| Thailand (th) | 5.40 | % |
| Hong Kong (hk) | 5.20 | % |
Commodities :
| chemicals | electronic equipment |
| palm oil | petroleum and liquefied natural gas |
| rubber | textiles |
| wood and wood products |
Value :
119 500 000 000 $
Partners :
| China (cn) | 13.90 | % |
| Japan (jp) | 12.50 | % |
| United States (us) | 11.20 | % |
| Singapore (sg) | 11.10 | % |
| Thailand (th) | 6.00 | % |
| Indonesia (id) | 5.30 | % |
| South Korea | 4.60 | % |
| Germany (de) | 4.20 | % |
| Tawian | 4.20 | % |
Commodities :
| chemicals | electronics |
| iron and steel products | machinery |
| petroleum products | plastics |
| vehicles |
Currency-code :
MYR
Currency-name :
ringgit
Communications :
| Telephons Main lines in use | 4 292 000 | |
| Telephons Mobile, Cellular | 27 125 000 | |
| FM Radio broadcast stations | 391 | |
| Television broadcast stations | 88 | |
| Internet Country code (ccTLD) | my | |
| Internet Hosts | 362 968 | |
| Internet Users | 16 903 000 |
Transportation :
| Airports with paved runways | 38 | |
| Heliports | 2 | |
| Pipelines - gas | 1 965 | km |
| Pipelines - oil | 31 | km |
| Pipelines - condensate | 3 | km |
| Pipelines - refined products | 114 | km |
| Roadways - total | 98 721 | km |
| Roadways - expressways | 1 821 | km |
| Roadways - paved | 80 280 | km |
| Roadways - unpaved | 18 441 | km |
| Railways | 1 849 | km |
| Waterways | 7 200 | km |
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