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Bangladesh
Background :
Europeans began to set up trading posts in the area of Bangladesh in the 16th century; eventually the British came to dominate the region and it became part of British India. In 1947, West Pakistan and East Bengal (both primarily Muslim) separated from India (largely Hindu) and jointly became the new country of Pakistan. East Bengal became East Pakistan in 1955, but the awkward arrangement of a two-part country with its territorial units separated by 1,600 km left the Bengalis marginalized and dissatisfied. East Pakistan seceded from its union with West Pakistan in 1971 and was renamed Bangladesh. A military-backed, emergency caretaker regime suspended parliamentary elections planned for January 2007 in an effort to reform the political system and root out corruption. In contrast to the strikes and violent street rallies that had marked Bangladeshi politics in previous years, the parliamentary elections finally held in late December 2008 were mostly peaceful and Sheikh HASINA Wajed was reelected prime minister. About a third of this extremely poor country floods annually during the monsoon rainy season, hampering economic development.
Location :
Southern Asia, bordering the Bay of Bengal, between Burma and India
Geographic Coordinates Center :
24 00 N, 90 00 E (Latitude, Longtitude)
Geographic Coordinates Rectangle :
| West | 88.03 |
| North | 26.63 |
| East | 92.67 |
| South | 20.74 |
Map references :
Asia
Area :
| total | 143 998 | square km |
| land | 130 168 | square km |
| water | 13 830 | square km |
Land boundaries :
| total | 4 246 | km |
| Burma | 193 | km |
| India (in) | 4 053 | km |
Coastline :
580.00 km
Climate :
tropical; mild winter (October to March); hot, humid summer (March to June); humid, warm rainy monsoon (June to October)
Terrain :
mostly flat alluvial plain; hilly in southeast
Elevation extremes :
| lowest point | 0 | metres |
| highest point | 1 230 | metres |
Natural resources :
| arable land | coal |
| natural gas | timber |
Land use :
| arable land | 55.39 | % |
| permanent crops | 3.08 | % |
| other | 41.53 | % |
Irrigated land :
47 250 square km
Total renewable water resources :
1 210 cubic km
Natural hazards :
| cyclones | droughts |
current issues :
many people are landless and forced to live on and cultivate flood-prone land; waterborne diseases prevalent in surface water; water pollution, especially of fishing areas, results from the use of commercial pesticides; ground water contaminated by naturally occurring arsenic; intermittent water shortages because of falling water tables in the northern and central parts of the country; soil degradation and erosion; deforestation; severe overpopulation
international agreements :
| Biodiversity | Climate Change |
| Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol | Desertification |
| Endangered Species | Environmental Modification |
| Hazardous Wastes | Law of the Sea |
| Ozone Layer Protection | Ship Pollution |
| Wetlands |
Population :
156 050 883
Indicators :
| Growth rate | 1.29 | % |
| Birth rate | 24.68 | births/1,000 population |
| Total fertility rate | 2.74 | children born/woman |
| Death rate | 9.23 | deaths/1,000 population |
| Net migration rate | -2.53 | migrant(s)/1,000 population |
Age structure :
| 0-14 years | 34.60 | % |
| 15-64 years | 61.40 | % |
| 65 years and over | 4.00 | % |
Median age :
| total | 23.30 | years |
| male | 22.90 | years |
| female | 23.50 | years |
Sex ratio :
| at birth | 1.04 | male(s)/female |
| under 15 years | 1.01 | male(s)/female |
| 15-64 years | 0.90 | male(s)/female |
| 65 years and over | 0.94 | male(s)/female |
| total population | 0.93 | male(s)/female |
Health :
| Infant mortality rate | 59.02 | deaths/1,000 live births |
| Life expectancy at birth - total population | 60.25 | years |
| Life expectancy at birth - male | 57.57 | years |
| Life expectancy at birth - female | 63.03 | years |
| HIV-AIDS adult prevalence rate | 0.10 | % |
| HIV-AIDS people living with HIV-AIDS | 12 000 | |
| HIV-AIDS deaths | 500 |
Religions :
| Muslim | 83.00 | % |
| Hindu | 16.00 | % |
| other | 1.00 | % |
Languages :
| Bengali | |
| English |
Literacy :
| total population | 47.90 | % |
| male | 54.00 | % |
| female | 41.40 | % |
Country name :
| conventional long form | People's Republic of Bangladesh |
| conventional short form | Bangladesh |
| local long form | Gana Prajatantri Banladesh |
| local short form | Banladesh |
| former | East Bengal, East Pakistan |
Country Codes :
| ISO 3166 | BD |
| ISO Numeric | 50 |
| ISO3 | BGD |
| FIPS | BG |
| ccTLD | bd |
| English | Bangladesh |
Administrative divisions :
6 divisions; Barisal, Chittagong, Dhaka, Khulna, Rajshahi, Sylhet
Capital :
| name | Dhaka |
| geographic coordinates | 23 43 N, 90 24 E |
| time difference | 6.00 |
International organization participation :
| ADB | ARF |
| BIMSTEC | C |
| CP | D-8 |
| FAO | G-77 |
| IAEA | IBRD |
| ICAO | ICC |
| ICCt (signatory) | ICRM |
| IDA | IDB |
| IFAD | IFC |
| IFRCS | IHO |
| ILO | IMF |
| IMO | IMSO |
| IOC | IOM |
| IPU | ISO |
| ITSO | ITU |
| ITUC | Interpol |
| MIGA | MINURCAT |
| MINURSO | MONUC |
| NAM | OIC |
| OPCW | SAARC |
| SACEP | UN |
| UNAMID | UNCTAD |
| UNESCO | UNHCR |
| UNIDO | UNMIL |
| UNMIS | UNMIT |
| UNOCI | UNWTO |
| UPU | WCO |
| WFTU | WHO |
| WIPO | WMO |
| WTO |
Independence :
1971-12-16
National holiday :
| Independence Day | 1971-03-26 |
| Victory Day | 1971-12-16 |
Executive branch :
| President Zillur RAHMAN | Prime Minister Sheikh HASINA Wajed |
Legislative branch :
| AL | 49.00 | % |
| BNP | 33.20 | % |
| JP | 7.00 | % |
| JIB | 4.60 | % |
| other | 6.20 | % |
GDP - Gross Domestic product :
| PPP - Purchasing Power Parity | 242 200 000 000 | $ |
| Official Exchange Rate | 92 120 000 000 | |
| RGR - Real Growth rate | 5.70 | % |
| PPP - per capita | 1 600 | $ |
GDP Composition by sector :
| agriculture | 18.70 | % |
| industry | 28.70 | % |
| services | 52.60 | % |
Labor force - by occupation :
| agriculture | 45.00 | % |
| industry | 30.00 | % |
| services | 25.00 | % |
Other Indicators :
| Labor force | 72 500 000 | people |
| Unemployment rate | 2.50 | % |
| Population below poverty line | 36.30 | % |
| Distribution of family income - Gini index | 33.20 | |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | 5.10 | % |
| Investment (gross fixed) | 23.70 | % of GDP |
| Current account balance | 2 808 000 000 | $ |
| Reserves of foreign exchange and gold | 9 213 000 000 | $ |
| Debt external | 23 220 000 000 | $ |
| Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad | 98 000 000 | $ |
| Stock of direct foreign investment - at home | 7 235 000 000 | $ |
| Market value of publicly traded shares | 6 671 000 000 | $ |
| Military expenditures | 1.50 | % of GDP |
| Public debt | 38.20 | % of GDP |
Household income or consumption by percentage share :
| lowest 10% | 8.80 | % |
| highest 10% | 26.60 | % |
Budget :
| revenues | 11 400 000 000 | $ |
| expenditures | 16 300 000 000 | $ |
Agriculture - products :
| beef | fruits |
| jute | milk |
| oilseed | potatoes |
| poultry | pulses |
| rice | spices |
| sugarcane | tea |
| tobacco | wheat |
Industries :
| cement | chemical fertilizer |
| cotton textiles | garments |
| jute | light engineering |
| paper newsprint | sugar |
| tea processing |
Energy :
| Electricity Production | 22 990 000 000 | kWh |
| Electricity Consumption | 21 380 000 000 | kWh |
| Oil Production | 6 426 | bbl/day |
| Oil Consumption | 95 000 | bbl/day |
| Oil Exports | 2 612 | bbl/day |
| Oil Imports | 87 660 | bbl/day |
| Oil Proved reserves | 28 000 000 | bbl |
| Natural gas Production | 17 900 000 000 | cubic metres |
| Natural gas Consumption | 17 900 000 000 | cubic metres |
| Electricity Exports | 141 600 000 000 | cubic metres |
Value :
15 910 000 000 $
Partners :
| United States (us) | 24.00 | % |
| Germany (de) | 15.30 | % |
| United Kingdom (gb) | 10.00 | % |
| France (fr) | 7.40 | % |
| Netherlands (nl) | 5.50 | % |
| Italy (it) | 4.50 | % |
| Spain (es) | 4.20 | % |
Commodities :
| frozen fish and seafood | garments |
| jute and jute products | leather |
Value :
20 220 000 000 $
Partners :
| China (cn) | 15.80 | % |
| India (in) | 15.70 | % |
| Kuwait (kw) | 8.10 | % |
| Singapore (sg) | 7.60 | % |
| Japan (jp) | 4.40 | % |
Commodities :
| cement | chemicals |
| foodstuffs | iron and steel |
| machinery and equipment | petroleum products |
| textiles |
Currency-code :
BDT
Currency-name :
taka
Communications :
| Telephons Main lines in use | 1 390 000 | |
| Telephons Mobile, Cellular | 45 750 000 | |
| FM Radio broadcast stations | 19 | |
| Television broadcast stations | 17 | |
| Internet Country code (ccTLD) | bd | |
| Internet Hosts | 4 209 | |
| Internet Users | 556 000 |
Transportation :
| Airports with paved runways | 15 | |
| Pipelines - gas | 2 597 | km |
| Roadways - total | 239 226 | km |
| Roadways - paved | 22 726 | km |
| Roadways - unpaved | 216 500 | km |
| Railways | 2 768 | km |
| Waterways | 8 370 | km |
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