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Kenya
Background :
Founding president and liberation struggle icon Jomo KENYATTA led Kenya from independence in 1963 until his death in 1978, when President Daniel Toroitich arap MOI took power in a constitutional succession. The country was a de facto one-party state from 1969 until 1982 when the ruling Kenya African National Union (KANU) made itself the sole legal party in Kenya. MOI acceded to internal and external pressure for political liberalization in late 1991. The ethnically fractured opposition failed to dislodge KANU from power in elections in 1992 and 1997, which were marred by violence and fraud, but were viewed as having generally reflected the will of the Kenyan people. President MOI stepped down in December 2002 following fair and peaceful elections. Mwai KIBAKI, running as the candidate of the multiethnic, united opposition group, the National Rainbow Coalition (NARC), defeated KANU candidate Uhuru KENYATTA and assumed the presidency following a campaign centered on an anticorruption platform. KIBAKI's NARC coalition splintered in 2005 over the constitutional review process. Government defectors joined with KANU to form a new opposition coalition, the Orange Democratic Movement, which defeated the government's draft constitution in a popular referendum in November 2005. KIBAKI's reelection in December 2007 brought charges of vote rigging from ODM candidate Raila ODINGA and unleashed two months of violence in which as many as 1,500 people died. UN-sponsored talks in late February produced a powersharing accord bringing ODINGA into the government in the restored position of prime minister.
Location :
Eastern Africa, bordering the Indian Ocean, between Somalia and Tanzania
Geographic Coordinates Center :
1 00 N, 38 00 E (Latitude, Longtitude)
Geographic Coordinates Rectangle :
| West | 33.91 |
| North | 5.02 |
| East | 41.90 |
| South | -4.68 |
Map references :
Africa
Area :
| total | 580 367 | square km |
| land | 569 140 | square km |
| water | 11 227 | square km |
Land boundaries :
| total | 3 477 | km |
| Ethiopia (et) | 861 | km |
| Somalia (so) | 682 | km |
| Sudan (sd) | 232 | km |
| Tanzania (tz) | 769 | km |
| Uganda (ug) | 933 | km |
Coastline :
536.00 km
Climate :
varies from tropical along coast to arid in interior
Terrain :
low plains rise to central highlands bisected by Great Rift Valley; fertile plateau in west
Elevation extremes :
| lowest point | 0 | metres |
| highest point | 5 199 | metres |
Natural resources :
| diatomite | fluorspar |
| gemstones | gypsum |
| hydropower | limestone |
| salt | soda ash |
| wildlife | zinc |
Land use :
| arable land | 8.01 | % |
| permanent crops | 0.97 | % |
| other | 91.02 | % |
Irrigated land :
1 030 square km
Total renewable water resources :
30 cubic km
Natural hazards :
| flooding |
current issues :
water pollution from urban and industrial wastes; degradation of water quality from increased use of pesticides and fertilizers; water hyacinth infestation in Lake Victoria; deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; poaching
international agreements :
| Biodiversity | Climate Change |
| Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol | Desertification |
| Endangered Species | Hazardous Wastes |
| Law of the Sea | Marine Dumping |
| Marine Life Conservation | Ozone Layer Protection |
| Ship Pollution | Wetlands |
| Whaling |
Population :
39 002 772
Indicators :
| Growth rate | 2.69 | % |
| Birth rate | 36.64 | births/1,000 population |
| Total fertility rate | 4.56 | children born/woman |
| Death rate | 9.72 | deaths/1,000 population |
Age structure :
| 0-14 years | 42.30 | % |
| 15-64 years | 55.10 | % |
| 65 years and over | 2.60 | % |
Median age :
| total | 18.70 | years |
| male | 18.60 | years |
| female | 18.80 | years |
Sex ratio :
| at birth | 1.02 | male(s)/female |
| under 15 years | 1.01 | male(s)/female |
| 15-64 years | 1.01 | male(s)/female |
| 65 years and over | 0.84 | male(s)/female |
| total population | 1.00 | male(s)/female |
Health :
| Infant mortality rate | 54.70 | deaths/1,000 live births |
| Life expectancy at birth - total population | 57.86 | years |
| Life expectancy at birth - male | 57.49 | years |
| Life expectancy at birth - female | 58.24 | years |
| HIV-AIDS adult prevalence rate | 6.70 | % |
| HIV-AIDS people living with HIV-AIDS | 1 200 000 | |
| HIV-AIDS deaths | 150 000 |
Religions :
| Protestant | 45.00 | % |
| Roman Catholic | 33.00 | % |
| Muslim | 10.00 | % |
| indigenous beliefs | 10.00 | % |
| other | 2.00 | % |
Languages :
| English | |
| Kiswahili |
Literacy :
| total population | 85.10 | % |
| male | 90.60 | % |
| female | 79.70 | % |
Country name :
| conventional long form | Republic of Kenya |
| conventional short form | Kenya |
| local long form | Republic of Kenya/Jamhuri ya Kenya |
| local short form | Kenya |
| former | British East Africa |
Country Codes :
| ISO 3166 | KE |
| ISO Numeric | 404 |
| ISO3 | KEN |
| FIPS | KE |
| ccTLD | ke |
| English | Kenya |
Administrative divisions :
7 provinces and 1 area*; Central, Coast, Eastern, Nairobi Area*, North Eastern, Nyanza, Rift Valley, Western
Capital :
| name | Nairobi |
| geographic coordinates | 1 17 S, 36 49 E |
| time difference | 3.00 |
International organization participation :
| ACP | AU |
| AfDB | C |
| COMESA | EAC |
| EADB | FAO |
| G-15 | G-77 |
| IAEA | IBRD |
| ICAO | ICCt |
| ICRM | IDA |
| IFAD | IFC |
| IFRCS | IGAD |
| ILO | IMF |
| IMO | IMSO |
| IOC | IOM |
| IPU | ISO |
| ITSO | ITU |
| ITUC | Interpol |
| MIGA | MINURCAT |
| MONUC | NAM |
| OPCW | PCA |
| UN | UNAMID |
| UNCTAD | UNESCO |
| UNHCR | UNIDO |
| UNMIS | UNOCI |
| UNWTO | UPU |
| WCO | WFTU |
| WHO | WIPO |
| WMO | WTO |
Independence :
1963-12-12
National holiday :
Independence Day
1963-12-12
Executive branch :
| President Mwai KIBAKI | President Mwai KIBAKI |
GDP - Gross Domestic product :
| PPP - Purchasing Power Parity | 63 520 000 000 | $ |
| Official Exchange Rate | 30 210 000 000 | |
| RGR - Real Growth rate | 1.80 | % |
| PPP - per capita | 1 600 | $ |
GDP Composition by sector :
| agriculture | 21.40 | % |
| industry | 16.30 | % |
| services | 62.30 | % |
Labor force - by occupation :
| agriculture | 75.00 | % |
| services | 25.00 | % |
Other Indicators :
| Labor force | 17 470 000 | people |
| Unemployment rate | 40.00 | % |
| Population below poverty line | 50.00 | % |
| Distribution of family income - Gini index | 42.50 | |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | 20.50 | % |
| Investment (gross fixed) | 21.50 | % of GDP |
| Current account balance | - 1 859 000 000 | $ |
| Reserves of foreign exchange and gold | 2 601 000 000 | $ |
| Debt external | 7 729 000 000 | $ |
| Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad | 42 000 000 | $ |
| Stock of direct foreign investment - at home | 2 053 000 000 | $ |
| Market value of publicly traded shares | 10 920 000 000 | $ |
| Military expenditures | 2.80 | % of GDP |
| Public debt | 54.10 | % of GDP |
Household income or consumption by percentage share :
| lowest 10% | 1.80 | % |
| highest 10% | 37.80 | % |
Budget :
| revenues | 6 858 000 000 | $ |
| expenditures | 8 759 000 000 | $ |
Agriculture - products :
| beef | coffee |
| corn | dairy |
| eggs | fruits |
| pork | poultry |
| sugarcane | tea |
| vegetables | wheat |
Industries :
| agricultural products | aluminum |
| batteries | cement |
| cigarettes | clothing |
| commercial ship repair | consumer goods |
| flour | furniture |
| horticulture | lead |
| oil refining | soap |
| steel | textiles |
| tourism |
Energy :
| Electricity Production | 5 223 000 000 | kWh |
| Electricity Consumption | 4 863 000 000 | kWh |
| Electricity Exports | 58 300 000 | kWh |
| Electricity Imports | 22 500 000 | kWh |
| Oil Consumption | 75 000 | bbl/day |
| Oil Exports | 7 270 | bbl/day |
| Oil Imports | 80 530 | bbl/day |
Value :
4 479 000 000 $
Partners :
| United Kingdom (gb) | 10.20 | % |
| Netherlands (nl) | 9.40 | % |
| Uganda (ug) | 9.10 | % |
| Tanzania (tz) | 8.90 | % |
| United States (us) | 6.40 | % |
| Pakistan (pk) | 5.70 | % |
Commodities :
| cement | coffee |
| fish | horticultural products |
| petroleum products | tea |
Value :
9 031 000 000 $
Partners :
| UAE | 11.90 | % |
| India (in) | 11.80 | % |
| China (cn) | 10.30 | % |
| Saudi Arabia (sa) | 8.30 | % |
| South Africa (za) | 5.90 | % |
| Japan (jp) | 5.30 | % |
| United States (us) | 4.00 | % |
Commodities :
| iron and steel | machinery and transportation equipment |
| motor vehicles | petroleum products |
| resins and plastics |
Currency-code :
KES
Currency-name :
Kenyan shilling
Communications :
| Telephons Main lines in use | 252 300 | |
| Telephons Mobile, Cellular | 16 234 000 | |
| FM Radio broadcast stations | 82 | |
| Television broadcast stations | 8 | |
| Internet Country code (ccTLD) | ke | |
| Internet Hosts | 32 913 | |
| Internet Users | 3 360 000 |
Transportation :
| Airports with paved runways | 16 | |
| Pipelines - oil | 4 | km |
| Pipelines - refined products | 928 | km |
| Roadways - total | 63 574 | km |
| Roadways - paved | 9 273 | km |
| Roadways - unpaved | 54 301 | km |
| Railways | 2 778 | km |
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