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Sudan
Background :
Military regimes favoring Islamic-oriented governments have dominated national politics since independence from the UK in 1956. Sudan was embroiled in two prolonged civil wars during most of the remainder of the 20th century. These conflicts were rooted in northern economic, political, and social domination of largely non-Muslim, non-Arab southern Sudanese. The first civil war ended in 1972 but broke out again in 1983. The second war and famine-related effects resulted in more than four million people displaced and, according to rebel estimates, more than two million deaths over a period of two decades. Peace talks gained momentum in 2002-04 with the signing of several accords. The final North/South Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA), signed in January 2005, granted the southern rebels autonomy for six years. After which, a referendum for independence is scheduled to be held. A separate conflict, which broke out in the western region of Darfur in 2003, has displaced nearly two million people and caused an estimated 200,000 to 400,000 deaths. The UN took command of the Darfur peacekeeping operation from the African Union on 31 December 2007. As of early 2009, peacekeeping troops were struggling to stabilize the situation, which has become increasingly regional in scope, and has brought instability to eastern Chad. Sudan also has faced large refugee influxes from neighboring countries, primarily Ethiopia and Chad. Armed conflict, poor transport infrastructure, and lack of government support have chronically obstructed the provision of humanitarian assistance to affected populations.
Location :
Northern Africa, bordering the Red Sea, between Egypt and Eritrea
Geographic Coordinates Center :
15 00 N, 30 00 E (Latitude, Longtitude)
Geographic Coordinates Rectangle :
| West | 21.84 |
| North | 23.15 |
| East | 38.58 |
| South | 3.49 |
Map references :
Africa
Area :
| total | 2 505 813 | square km |
| land | 2 376 000 | square km |
| water | 129 813 | square km |
Land boundaries :
| total | 7 687 | km |
| Central African Republic (cf) | 1 165 | km |
| Chad (td) | 1 360 | km |
| Democratic Republic of the Congo | 628 | km |
| Egypt (eg) | 1 273 | km |
| Eritrea (er) | 605 | km |
| Ethiopia (et) | 1 606 | km |
| Kenya (ke) | 232 | km |
| Libya (ly) | 383 | km |
| Uganda (ug) | 435 | km |
Coastline :
853.00 km
Climate :
tropical in south; arid desert in north; rainy season varies by region (April to November)
Terrain :
generally flat, featureless plain; mountains in far south, northeast and west; desert dominates the north
Elevation extremes :
| lowest point | 0 | metres |
| highest point | 3 187 | metres |
Natural resources :
| petroleum |
Land use :
| arable land | 6.78 | % |
| permanent crops | 0.17 | % |
| other | 93.05 | % |
Irrigated land :
18 630 square km
Total renewable water resources :
154 cubic km
Natural hazards :
| dust storms | periodic droughts |
current issues :
inadequate supplies of potable water; wildlife populations threatened by excessive hunting; soil erosion; desertification; periodic drought
international agreements :
| Biodiversity | Climate Change |
| Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol | Desertification |
| Endangered Species | Hazardous Wastes |
| Law of the Sea | Ozone Layer Protection |
| Wetlands |
Population :
41 087 825
Indicators :
| Growth rate | 2.14 | % |
| Birth rate | 33.74 | births/1,000 population |
| Total fertility rate | 4.48 | children born/woman |
| Death rate | 12.94 | deaths/1,000 population |
| Net migration rate | 0.63 | migrant(s)/1,000 population |
Age structure :
| 0-14 years | 40.70 | % |
| 15-64 years | 56.80 | % |
| 65 years and over | 2.50 | % |
Median age :
| total | 19.10 | years |
| male | 18.90 | years |
| female | 19.20 | years |
Sex ratio :
| at birth | 1.05 | male(s)/female |
| under 15 years | 1.04 | male(s)/female |
| 15-64 years | 1.01 | male(s)/female |
| 65 years and over | 1.07 | male(s)/female |
| total population | 1.03 | male(s)/female |
Health :
| Infant mortality rate | 82.43 | deaths/1,000 live births |
| Life expectancy at birth - total population | 51.42 | years |
| Life expectancy at birth - male | 50.49 | years |
| Life expectancy at birth - female | 52.40 | years |
| HIV-AIDS adult prevalence rate | 1.40 | % |
| HIV-AIDS people living with HIV-AIDS | 320 000 | |
| HIV-AIDS deaths | 25 000 |
Religions :
| Sunni Muslim | 70.00 | % |
| Christian | 5.00 | % |
| indigenous beliefs | 25.00 | % |
Languages :
| Arabic | |
| English | |
| Nubian | |
| Ta Bedawie | |
| Nilotic | |
| Nilo-Hamitic | |
| Sudanic| |
Literacy :
| total population | 61.10 | % |
| male | 71.80 | % |
| female | 50.50 | % |
Country name :
| conventional long form | Republic of the Sudan |
| conventional short form | Sudan |
| local long form | Jumhuriyat as-Sudan |
| local short form | As-Sudan |
| former | Anglo-Egyptian Sudan |
Country Codes :
| ISO 3166 | SD |
| ISO Numeric | 736 |
| ISO3 | SDN |
| FIPS | SU |
| ccTLD | sd |
| English | Sudan |
Administrative divisions :
25 states (wilayat, singular - wilayah); A'ali an Nil (Upper Nile), Al Bahr al Ahmar (Red Sea), Al Buhayrat (Lakes), Al Jazira (Gezira), Al Khartoum (Khartoum), Al Qadarif (Gedaref), Al Wahda (Unity), An Nil al Abyad (White Nile), An Nil al Azraq (Blue Nile), Ash Shimaliyya (Northern), Bahr al Jabal (Central Equatoria), Gharb al Istiwa'iyya (Western Equatoria), Gharb Bahr al Ghazal (Western Bahr el Ghazal), Gharb Darfur (Western Darfur), Janub Darfur (Southern Darfur), Janub Kurdufan (Southern Kordofan), Junqoley (Jonglei), Kassala (Kassala), Nahr an Nil (River Nile), Shimal Bahr al Ghazal (Northern Bahr el Ghazal), Shimal Darfur (Northern Darfur), Shimal Kurdufan (Northern Kordofan), Sharq al Istiwa'iyya (Eastern Equatoria), Sinnar (Sinnar), Warab (Warab)
Capital :
| name | Khartoum |
| geographic coordinates | 15 36 N, 32 32 E |
| time difference | 3.00 |
International organization participation :
| ABEDA | ACP |
| AFESD | AMF |
| AU | AfDB |
| CAEU | COMESA |
| FAO | G-77 |
| IAEA | IBRD |
| ICAO | ICCt (signatory) |
| ICRM | IDA |
| IDB | IFAD |
| IFC | IFRCS |
| IGAD | ILO |
| IMF | IMO |
| IOC | IOM |
| IPU | ISO |
| ITSO | ITU |
| Interpol | LAS |
| MIGA | NAM |
| OIC | OPCW |
| PCA | UN |
| UNCTAD | UNESCO |
| UNHCR | UNIDO |
| UNWTO | UPU |
| WCO | WFTU |
| WHO | WIPO |
| WMO | WTO (observer) |
Independence :
1956-01-01
National holiday :
Independence Day
1956-01-01
Executive branch :
| President Umar Hassan Ahmad al-BASHIR |
GDP - Gross Domestic product :
| PPP - Purchasing Power Parity | 92 830 000 000 | $ |
| Official Exchange Rate | 54 290 000 000 | |
| RGR - Real Growth rate | 3.80 | % |
| PPP - per capita | 2 300 | $ |
GDP Composition by sector :
| agriculture | 32.60 | % |
| industry | 29.20 | % |
| services | 38.20 | % |
Labor force - by occupation :
| agriculture | 80.00 | % |
| industry | 7.00 | % |
| services | 13.00 | % |
Other Indicators :
| Labor force | 11 920 000 | people |
| Unemployment rate | 18.70 | % |
| Population below poverty line | 40.00 | % |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | 12.30 | % |
| Investment (gross fixed) | 20.60 | % of GDP |
| Current account balance | - 2 739 000 000 | $ |
| Reserves of foreign exchange and gold | 769 000 000 | $ |
| Debt external | 36 270 000 000 | $ |
| Military expenditures | 3.00 | % of GDP |
| Public debt | 104.50 | % of GDP |
Budget :
| revenues | 9 046 000 000 | $ |
| expenditures | 10 830 000 000 | $ |
Agriculture - products :
| bananas | cassava |
| cotton | gum arabic |
| livestock | mangoes |
| millet | papayas |
| peanuts | sesame |
| sheep | sorghum |
| sugarcane | sweet potatoes |
| wheat |
Industries :
| armaments | automobiles |
| cement | cotton ginning |
| edible oils | oil |
| petroleum refining | pharmaceuticals |
| shoes | soap distilling |
| sugar | textiles |
| truck assembly |
Energy :
| Electricity Production | 4 341 000 000 | kWh |
| Electricity Consumption | 3 438 000 000 | kWh |
| Oil Production | 480 200 | bbl/day |
| Oil Consumption | 86 000 | bbl/day |
| Oil Exports | 303 800 | bbl/day |
| Oil Imports | 11 400 | bbl/day |
| Oil Proved reserves | 5 000 000 000 | bbl |
| Electricity Exports | 84 950 000 000 | cubic metres |
Value :
8 464 000 000 $
Partners :
| China (cn) | 48.00 | % |
| Japan (jp) | 32.20 | % |
| Indonesia (id) | 5.30 | % |
Commodities :
| cotton | groundnuts (peanuts) |
| gum arabic | livestock |
| oil and petroleum products | sesame |
| sugar |
Value :
6 823 000 000 $
Partners :
| China (cn) | 20.30 | % |
| Saudi Arabia (sa) | 8.50 | % |
| UAE | 6.30 | % |
| Egypt (eg) | 5.60 | % |
| India (in) | 5.10 | % |
| Italy (it) | 4.10 | % |
Commodities :
| foodstuffs | manufactured products |
| medicines and chemicals | refinery and transportation equipment |
| textiles | wheat |
Currency-code :
SDG
Currency-name :
Sudanese pounds
Communications :
| Telephons Main lines in use | 356 100 | |
| Telephons Mobile, Cellular | 11 186 000 | |
| FM Radio broadcast stations | 1 | |
| Television broadcast stations | 3 | |
| Internet Country code (ccTLD) | sd | |
| Internet Hosts | 48 | |
| Internet Users | 4 200 000 |
Transportation :
| Airports with paved runways | 19 | |
| Heliports | 4 | |
| Pipelines - gas | 156 | km |
| Pipelines - oil | 4 070 | km |
| Pipelines - refined products | 1 613 | km |
| Roadways - total | 11 900 | km |
| Roadways - paved | 4 320 | km |
| Roadways - unpaved | 7 580 | km |
| Railways | 5 978 | km |
| Waterways | 4 068 | km |
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