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Trinidad and Tobago
Background :
First colonized by the Spanish, the islands came under British control in the early 19th century. The islands' sugar industry was hurt by the emancipation of the slaves in 1834. Manpower was replaced with the importation of contract laborers from India between 1845 and 1917, which boosted sugar production as well as the cocoa industry. The discovery of oil on Trinidad in 1910 added another important export. Independence was attained in 1962. The country is one of the most prosperous in the Caribbean thanks largely to petroleum and natural gas production and processing. Tourism, mostly in Tobago, is targeted for expansion and is growing. The government is coping with a rise in violent crime.
Location :
Caribbean, islands between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, northeast of Venezuela
Geographic Coordinates Center :
11 00 N, 61 00 W (Latitude, Longtitude)
Geographic Coordinates Rectangle :
| West | -61.92 |
| North | 11.34 |
| East | -60.52 |
| South | 10.04 |
Map references :
America
Area :
| total | 5 128 | square km |
| land | 5 128 | square km |
| water | 0 | square km |
Coastline :
362.00 km
Climate :
tropical; rainy season (June to December)
Terrain :
mostly plains with some hills and low mountains
Elevation extremes :
| lowest point | 0 | metres |
| highest point | 940 | metres |
Natural resources :
| asphalt | natural gas |
| petroleum |
Land use :
| arable land | 14.62 | % |
| permanent crops | 9.16 | % |
| other | 76.22 | % |
Irrigated land :
40 square km
Total renewable water resources :
3 cubic km
Natural hazards :
| hurricanes | tropical storms |
current issues :
water pollution from agricultural chemicals, industrial wastes, and raw sewage; oil pollution of beaches; deforestation; soil erosion
international agreements :
| Biodiversity | Climate Change |
| Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol | Desertification |
| Endangered Species | Hazardous Wastes |
| Law of the Sea | Marine Dumping |
| Marine Life Conservation | Ozone Layer Protection |
| Ship Pollution | Tropical Timber 83 |
| Tropical Timber 94 | Wetlands |
Population :
1 229 953
Indicators :
| Growth rate | -0.10 | % |
| Birth rate | 14.36 | births/1,000 population |
| Total fertility rate | 1.72 | children born/woman |
| Death rate | 8.11 | deaths/1,000 population |
| Net migration rate | -7.28 | migrant(s)/1,000 population |
Age structure :
| 0-14 years | 19.60 | % |
| 15-64 years | 72.60 | % |
| 65 years and over | 7.90 | % |
Median age :
| total | 32.10 | years |
| male | 31.60 | years |
| female | 32.70 | years |
Sex ratio :
| at birth | 1.03 | male(s)/female |
| under 15 years | 1.05 | male(s)/female |
| 15-64 years | 1.05 | male(s)/female |
| 65 years and over | 0.75 | male(s)/female |
| total population | 1.02 | male(s)/female |
Health :
| Infant mortality rate | 29.93 | deaths/1,000 live births |
| Life expectancy at birth - total population | 70.86 | years |
| Life expectancy at birth - male | 67.98 | years |
| Life expectancy at birth - female | 73.82 | years |
| HIV-AIDS adult prevalence rate | 1.50 | % |
| HIV-AIDS people living with HIV-AIDS | 14 000 | |
| HIV-AIDS deaths | 1 900 |
Religions :
| Roman Catholic | 26.00 | % |
| Hindu | 22.50 | % |
| Anglican | 7.80 | % |
| Baptist | 7.20 | % |
| Pentecostal | 6.80 | % |
| Muslim | 5.80 | % |
| Seventh Day Adventist | 4.00 | % |
| other Christian | 5.80 | % |
| other | 10.80 | % |
| unspecified | 1.40 | % |
| none | 1.90 | % |
Languages :
| English | |
| Caribbean Hindustani | |
| French | |
| Spanish | |
| Chinese |
Literacy :
| total population | 98.60 | % |
| male | 99.10 | % |
| female | 98.00 | % |
Country name :
| conventional long form | Republic of Trinidad and Tobago |
| conventional short form | Trinidad and Tobago |
Country Codes :
| ISO 3166 | TT |
| ISO Numeric | 780 |
| ISO3 | TTO |
| FIPS | TD |
| ccTLD | tt |
| English | Trinidad and Tobago |
Administrative divisions :
9 regional corporations, 2 city corporations, 3 borough corporations, 1 ward||regional corporations:|Couva/Tabaquite/Talparo, Diego Martin, Mayaro/Rio Claro, Penal/Debe, Princes Town, Sangre Grande, San Juan/Laventille, Siparia, Tunapuna/Piarco||city corporations:|Port-of-Spain, San Fernando||borough corporations:|Arima, Chaguanas, Point Fortin||ward:|Tobago
Capital :
| name | Port-of-Spain |
| geographic coordinates | 10 39 N, 61 31 W |
| time difference | -4.00 |
International organization participation :
| ACP | AOSIS |
| C | CDB |
| Caricom | FAO |
| G-24 | G-77 |
| IADB | IBRD |
| ICAO | ICCt |
| ICRM | IDA |
| IFAD | IFC |
| IFRCS | IHO |
| ILO | IMF |
| IMO | IOC |
| IOM | ISO |
| ITSO | ITU |
| ITUC | Interpol |
| LAES | MIGA |
| NAM | OAS |
| OPANAL | OPCW |
| Paris Club (associate) | UN |
| UNCTAD | UNESCO |
| UNIDO | UPU |
| WCO | WFTU |
| WHO | WIPO |
| WMO | WTO |
Independence :
1962-08-31
National holiday :
Independence Day
1962-08-31
Executive branch :
| President George Maxwell RICHARDS | Prime Minister Patrick MANNING |
Legislative branch :
| UNC | 29.70 | % |
GDP - Gross Domestic product :
| PPP - Purchasing Power Parity | 28 650 000 000 | $ |
| Official Exchange Rate | 23 000 000 000 | |
| RGR - Real Growth rate | -2.70 | % |
| PPP - per capita | 23 300 | $ |
GDP Composition by sector :
| agriculture | 0.50 | % |
| industry | 59.60 | % |
| services | 39.90 | % |
Labor force - by occupation :
| agriculture | 3.80 | % |
| services | 62.90 | % |
Other Indicators :
| Unemployment rate | 7.50 | % |
| Population below poverty line | 17.00 | % |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | 7.60 | % |
| Investment (gross fixed) | 11.00 | % of GDP |
| Current account balance | 2 460 000 000 | $ |
| Reserves of foreign exchange and gold | 7 506 000 000 | $ |
| Debt external | 2 079 000 000 | $ |
| Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad | 3 829 000 000 | $ |
| Stock of direct foreign investment - at home | 102 000 000 000 | $ |
| Market value of publicly traded shares | 12 160 000 000 | $ |
| Military expenditures | 0.30 | % of GDP |
| Public debt | 26.70 | % of GDP |
Budget :
| revenues | 6 176 000 000 | $ |
| expenditures | 7 415 000 000 | $ |
Agriculture - products :
| citrus | cocoa |
| coffee | poultry |
| rice | vegetables |
Industries :
| beverages | cement |
| chemicals | cotton textiles |
| food processing | petroleum |
| tourism |
Energy :
| Electricity Production | 7 202 000 000 | kWh |
| Electricity Consumption | 7 034 000 000 | kWh |
| Oil Production | 163 300 | bbl/day |
| Oil Consumption | 41 000 | bbl/day |
| Oil Exports | 248 300 | bbl/day |
| Oil Imports | 92 480 | bbl/day |
| Oil Proved reserves | 728 300 000 | bbl |
| Natural gas Production | 39 300 000 000 | cubic metres |
| Natural gas Consumption | 21 940 000 000 | cubic metres |
| Natural gas Exports | 17 360 000 000 | cubic metres |
| Electricity Exports | 531 500 000 000 | cubic metres |
Value :
10 640 000 000 $
Partners :
| United States (us) | 44.80 | % |
| Spain (es) | 7.80 | % |
| Jamaica (jm) | 7.00 | % |
| Netherlands (nl) | 7.00 | % |
| Mexico (mx) | 4.90 | % |
Commodities :
| ammonia | beverages |
| cereal and cereal products | citrus |
| cocoa | coffee |
| flowers | liquefied natural gas (LNG) |
| methanol | petroleum and petroleum products |
| steel products | sugar |
| urea | vegetables |
Value :
7 449 000 000 $
Partners :
| United States (us) | 26.10 | % |
| Brazil (br) | 8.60 | % |
| Venezuela (ve) | 7.70 | % |
| Colombia (co) | 6.10 | % |
| Russia (ru) | 5.30 | % |
| China (cn) | 4.00 | % |
Commodities :
| chemicals | food |
| live animals | lubricants |
| machinery | manufactured products |
| mineral fuels | transportation equipment |
Currency-code :
TTD
Currency-name :
Trinidad and Tobago dollar
Communications :
| Telephons Main lines in use | 307 000 | |
| Telephons Mobile, Cellular | 1 505 000 | |
| FM Radio broadcast stations | 18 | |
| Television broadcast stations | 6 | |
| Internet Country code (ccTLD) | tt | |
| Internet Hosts | 162 849 | |
| Internet Users | 227 000 |
Transportation :
| Airports with paved runways | 3 | |
| Pipelines - gas | 659 | km |
| Pipelines - oil | 336 | km |
| Roadways - total | 8 320 | km |
| Roadways - paved | 4 252 | km |
| Roadways - unpaved | 4 068 | km |
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