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Uruguay
Background :
Montevideo, founded by the Spanish in 1726 as a military stronghold, soon took advantage of its natural harbor to become an important commercial center. Claimed by Argentina but annexed by Brazil in 1821, Uruguay declared its independence four years later and secured its freedom in 1828 after a three-year struggle. The administrations of President Jose BATLLE in the early 20th century established widespread political, social, and economic reforms that established a statist tradition. A violent Marxist urban guerrilla movement named the Tupamaros, launched in the late 1960s, led Uruguay's president to cede control of the government to the military in 1973. By yearend, the rebels had been crushed, but the military continued to expand its hold over the government. Civilian rule was not restored until 1985. In 2004, the left-of-center Frente Amplio Coalition won national elections that effectively ended 170 years of political control previously held by the Colorado and Blanco parties. Uruguay's political and labor conditions are among the freest on the continent.
Location :
Southern South America, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Argentina and Brazil
Geographic Coordinates Center :
33 00 S, 56 00 W (Latitude, Longtitude)
Geographic Coordinates Rectangle :
| West | -58.44 |
| North | -30.08 |
| East | -53.07 |
| South | -34.98 |
Map references :
America
Area :
| total | 176 215 | square km |
| land | 175 015 | square km |
| water | 1 200 | square km |
Land boundaries :
| total | 1 648 | km |
| Argentina (ar) | 580 | km |
| Brazil (br) | 1 068 | km |
Coastline :
660.00 km
Climate :
warm temperate; freezing temperatures almost unknown
Terrain :
mostly rolling plains and low hills; fertile coastal lowland
Elevation extremes :
| lowest point | 0 | metres |
| highest point | 514 | metres |
Natural resources :
| arable land | fisheries |
| hydropower | minor minerals |
Land use :
| arable land | 7.77 | % |
| permanent crops | 0.24 | % |
| other | 91.99 | % |
Irrigated land :
2 100 square km
Total renewable water resources :
139 cubic km
Natural hazards :
| droughts | floods |
| high winds |
current issues :
water pollution from meat packing/tannery industry; inadequate solid/hazardous waste disposal
international agreements :
| Antarctic Treaty | Antarctic-Environmental Protocol |
| Antarctic-Marine Living Resources | Biodiversity |
| Climate Change | Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol |
| Desertification | Endangered Species |
| Environmental Modification | Hazardous Wastes |
| Law of the Sea | Marine Dumping |
| Marine Life Conservation | Ozone Layer Protection |
| Ship Pollution | Wetlands |
Population :
3 494 382
Indicators :
| Growth rate | 0.47 | % |
| Birth rate | 13.91 | births/1,000 population |
| Total fertility rate | 1.92 | children born/woman |
| Death rate | 9.09 | deaths/1,000 population |
| Net migration rate | -0.16 | migrant(s)/1,000 population |
Age structure :
| 0-14 years | 22.40 | % |
| 15-64 years | 64.30 | % |
| 65 years and over | 13.30 | % |
Median age :
| total | 33.40 | years |
| male | 32.00 | years |
| female | 34.80 | years |
Sex ratio :
| at birth | 1.04 | male(s)/female |
| under 15 years | 1.03 | male(s)/female |
| 15-64 years | 0.99 | male(s)/female |
| 65 years and over | 0.67 | male(s)/female |
| total population | 0.95 | male(s)/female |
Health :
| Infant mortality rate | 11.32 | deaths/1,000 live births |
| Life expectancy at birth - total population | 76.35 | years |
| Life expectancy at birth - male | 73.10 | years |
| Life expectancy at birth - female | 79.72 | years |
| HIV-AIDS adult prevalence rate | 0.60 | % |
| HIV-AIDS people living with HIV-AIDS | 10 000 | |
| HIV-AIDS deaths | 500 |
Religions :
| Roman Catholic | 47.10 | % |
| non-Catholic Christians | 11.10 | % |
| nondenominational | 23.20 | % |
| Jewish | 0.30 | % |
| atheist or agnostic | 17.20 | % |
| other | 1.10 | % |
Languages :
| Spanish | |
| Portunol | |
| Brazilero |
Literacy :
| total population | 98.00 | % |
| male | 97.60 | % |
| female | 98.40 | % |
Country name :
| conventional long form | Oriental Republic of Uruguay |
| conventional short form | Uruguay |
| local long form | Republica Oriental del Uruguay |
| local short form | Uruguay |
| former | Banda Oriental, Cisplatine Province |
Country Codes :
| ISO 3166 | UY |
| ISO Numeric | 858 |
| ISO3 | URY |
| FIPS | UY |
| ccTLD | uy |
| English | Uruguay |
Administrative divisions :
19 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento); Artigas, Canelones, Cerro Largo, Colonia, Durazno, Flores, Florida, Lavalleja, Maldonado, Montevideo, Paysandu, Rio Negro, Rivera, Rocha, Salto, San Jose, Soriano, Tacuarembo, Treinta y Tres
Capital :
| name | Montevideo |
| geographic coordinates | 34 53 S, 56 11 W |
| time difference | -3.00 |
| daylight saving time | 1 |
International organization participation :
| CAN (associate) | FAO |
| G-77 | IADB |
| IAEA | IBRD |
| ICAO | ICC |
| ICCt | ICRM |
| IDA | IFAD |
| IFC | IFRCS |
| IHO | ILO |
| IMF | IMO |
| IOC | IOM |
| IPU | ISO |
| ITSO | ITU |
| Interpol | LAES |
| LAIA | MIGA |
| MINURSO | MINUSTAH |
| MONUC | Mercosur |
| NAM (observer) | OAS |
| OPANAL | OPCW |
| PCA | RG |
| UN | UNASUR |
| UNCTAD | UNESCO |
| UNIDO | UNMOGIP |
| UNOCI | UNWTO |
| UPU | Union Latina |
| WCO | WFTU |
| WHO | WIPO |
| WMO | WTO |
Independence :
1825-08-25
National holiday :
Independence Day
1825-08-25
Executive branch :
| President Jose "Pepe" MUJICA Cordano |
GDP - Gross Domestic product :
| PPP - Purchasing Power Parity | 44 050 000 000 | $ |
| Official Exchange Rate | 31 610 000 000 | |
| RGR - Real Growth rate | 0.60 | % |
| PPP - per capita | 12 600 | $ |
GDP Composition by sector :
| agriculture | 9.50 | % |
| industry | 22.50 | % |
| services | 68.00 | % |
Labor force - by occupation :
| agriculture | 9.00 | % |
| industry | 15.00 | % |
| services | 76.00 | % |
Other Indicators :
| Labor force | 1 636 000 | people |
| Unemployment rate | 7.90 | % |
| Population below poverty line | 27.40 | % |
| Distribution of family income - Gini index | 45.20 | |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | 7.30 | % |
| Investment (gross fixed) | 15.50 | % of GDP |
| Current account balance | - 76 000 000 | $ |
| Reserves of foreign exchange and gold | 7 907 000 000 | $ |
| Debt external | 12 610 000 000 | $ |
| Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad | 156 000 000 | $ |
| Stock of direct foreign investment - at home | 4 190 000 000 | $ |
| Market value of publicly traded shares | 159 000 000 | $ |
| Military expenditures | 1.60 | % of GDP |
| Public debt | 58.70 | % of GDP |
Household income or consumption by percentage share :
| lowest 10% | 1.70 | % |
| highest 10% | 34.80 | % |
Budget :
| revenues | 8 841 000 000 | $ |
| expenditures | 9 666 000 000 | $ |
Agriculture - products :
| barley | beef |
| fish | forestry |
| livestock | rice |
| soya | wheat |
Industries :
| beverages | chemicals |
| electrical machinery | food processing |
| petroleum products | textiles |
| transportation equipment |
Energy :
| Electricity Production | 9 265 000 000 | kWh |
| Electricity Consumption | 7 140 000 000 | kWh |
| Electricity Exports | 996 000 000 | kWh |
| Electricity Imports | 789 000 000 | kWh |
| Oil Production | 946 | bbl/day |
| Oil Consumption | 41 000 | bbl/day |
| Oil Exports | 7 100 | bbl/day |
| Oil Imports | 52 730 | bbl/day |
| Natural gas Consumption | 70 000 000 | cubic metres |
| Natural gas Imports | 70 000 000 | cubic metres |
Value :
6 320 000 000 $
Partners :
| Brazil (br) | 18.70 | % |
| China (cn) | 8.50 | % |
| Argentina (ar) | 7.30 | % |
| Germany (de) | 6.50 | % |
| Mexico (mx) | 4.90 | % |
| Netherlands (nl) | 4.50 | % |
| Russia (ru) | 4.40 | % |
Commodities :
| dairy products | fish |
| leather products | meat |
| rice | wool |
Value :
6 576 000 000 $
Partners :
| Argentina (ar) | 19.60 | % |
| Brazil (br) | 17.90 | % |
| China (cn) | 11.00 | % |
| United States (us) | 9.70 | % |
| Paraguay (py) | 6.50 | % |
| Nigeria (ng) | 4.50 | % |
Commodities :
| chemicals | crude petroleum and petroleum products |
| machinery | paper |
| plastics | road vehicles |
Currency-code :
UYU
Currency-name :
Uruguayan peso
Communications :
| Telephons Main lines in use | 959 300 | |
| Telephons Mobile, Cellular | 3 508 000 | |
| FM Radio broadcast stations | 191 | |
| Television broadcast stations | 62 | |
| Internet Country code (ccTLD) | uy | |
| Internet Hosts | 498 232 | |
| Internet Users | 1 340 000 |
Transportation :
| Airports with paved runways | 9 | |
| Pipelines - gas | 226 | km |
| Pipelines - oil | 155 | km |
| Roadways - total | 77 732 | km |
| Roadways - paved | 7 743 | km |
| Roadways - unpaved | 69 989 | km |
| Railways | 1 641 | km |
| Waterways | 1 600 | km |
Flag
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